The association of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and mature teratoma of the ovary is rare, particularly in childhood, but must be known and looked for since the treatment of teratoma allows to cure anemia as well.
Case report: A 9 year-old girl was admitted for hemolytic anemia. The etiologic work-up revealed an autoimmune mechanism (IgG autoantibodies with complement), as well as an ovarian tumor after ultrasound sonography of the abdomen and pelvis. Surgical excision of the tumor was complete and uncomplicated. Pathological examination concluded to a mature teratoma. Anemia, as well as the signs of autoimmunity, disappeared a few weeks later and the child is doing well with several months of follow-up.
Conclusion: This second reported pediatric case shows that an ovarian teratoma should be searched for with ultrasound sonography in any girl presenting with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, since surgical excision is sufficient to cure both anemia and the tumor.