In this in-depth review, we examine the worldwide epidemiology of SLE and summarize
current knowledge on the influence of race/ethnicity on clinical manifestations, disease activity, …

TNFα is a principal pro-inflammatory cytokine vital for immunity to infections. However, its
excessive production is involved in chronic inflammation and disease pathology in …

Infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affects approximately 33 million infants annually
worldwide and is a major cause of hospitalizations. Helper T lymphocytes (Th) play a …

Human γδ T cells display potent responses to pathogens and malignancies. Of particular
interest are those expressing a γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) incorporating TCRδ-chain variable-…

Th17 cells provide protective immunity to infections by fungi and extracellular bacteria as
well as cancer but are also involved in chronic inflammation. The cells were first identified by …

Background Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its
immunomodulatory actions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in …

Familial Mediterranean fever is an autoinflammatory multisystem disease, which most
commonly affects patients from the Mediterranean basin. This review discusses the common …

Biologic TNFα inhibitors are a mainstay treatment option for patients with rheumatoid arthritis
(RA) refractory to other treatment options. However, many patients either do not respond or …

The electrification of hybrid electric vehicle reduces the reliance of transportation on fossil
fuels and reduces Green House Gas emissions. The economic and environmental benefits of …

The Smart Grid (SG) is a technological transformation from conventional electric grid, electro-mechanically
controlled system, to smart, intelligent, and electronically controlled system …