Background Studies of the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the risk of
HIV-1-associated tuberculosis have had variable results. We set out to determine the effect …

Objectives: To determine the long-term incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and associated risk
factors among individuals receiving HAART in South Africa. Design: Prospective cohort study. …

Objective: to determine adherence of an indigent African HIV-infected cohort initiating
antiretroviral therapy (ART); to identify predictors of incomplete adherence (< 95%) and virologic …

Background Data from Kwazulu Natal, South Africa, suggest that almost all patients with
extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis are HIV-positive, with a fatal outcome. Since, there …

Background Long-term treatment-related outcomes in patients with extensively drug-resistant
(XDR) tuberculosis are unknown. We followed up a cohort of patients to address …

Background To assess the prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant,
extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli) …

Objectives: To determine the rate of CD4 decline and the incidence of opportunistic infections
(OIs) among antiretroviral therapy-naive South African HIV-infected patients and inform …

IGRAs may still be useful in high-burden settings in specific subgroups at high risk of
progression, including young children, HIV-infected individuals and healthcare workers, but this …

Rationale: The optimal strategy for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection is controversial.
Adoption of a two-step strategy (tuberculin skin test [TST] followed by an IFN-γ release …

Background The accurate diagnosis of TB in HIV-infected patients, particularly with advanced
immunosuppression, is difficult. Recent studies indicate that a lipoarabinomannan (LAM) …