The development of immunotherapies over the past decade has resulted in a paradigm shift
in the treatment of cancer. However, the majority of patients do not benefit from …

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA), produced from lignocellulosic biomass,
can be catalytically upgraded to valuable chemicals and fuels. Lignocellulosic biomass …

As a novel class of catalytic materials, hollow nanoreactors offer new opportunities for improving
catalytic performance owing to their higher controllability on molecular kinetic behavior. …

Background The programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor is a negative regulator of T-cell
effector mechanisms that limits immune responses against cancer. We tested the anti–PD-1 …

Background The anti-programmed-death-receptor-1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab has
shown potent antitumour activity at different doses and schedules in patients with melanoma. …

Background Patients with melanoma that progresses on ipilimumab and, if BRAF V600
mutant-positive, a BRAF or MEK inhibitor or both, have few treatment options. We assessed the …

Importance The programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway limits immune responses to melanoma
and can be blocked with the humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab. …

Purpose: This phase I study evaluated the safety, maximum tolerated dose, antitumor activity,
and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pembrolizumab in patients with …

Purpose We evaluated atypical response patterns and the relationship between overall
survival and best overall response measured per immune-related response criteria (irRC) and …

Glutamine metabolism provides synergistic support for macrophage activation and elicitation
of desirable immune responses; however, the underlying mechanisms regulated by …