REVIEW ARTICLE

Proteomic effects of wet cupping (Al-hijamah)

Almaiman focus on the proteomic analysis on the relevant effects of wet cupping to obtain useful information regarding possible research targets. This work may contribute to the elucidation of the actual measurable effect of bloodletting therapy in the future and can provide researchers with a sound scientific perspective when investigating the technique of wet cupping. Overall, wet cupping did not have a significant effect on C-reactive protein, Hsp-27, sister chromatid exchanges, and cell replication index. In contrast, wet cupping was found to produce higher oxygen saturation, eliminate lactate from subcutaneous tissues, remove blood containing higher levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and produce higher activity of myeloperoxidase.

see page 10

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

The sleep architecture of Saudi Arabian patients with Kleine-Levin syndrome

Al Shareef et al conclude that sleep architecture of our cohort was relatively normal and broadly similar to other published studies, the main features being low sleep efficiency and low relative amounts of rapid eye movement (REM) and stage N3 sleep. Time-course polysomnography studies with functional imaging may be useful to further establish the exact pathophysiology of this disease. Self-reported time asleep during episodes and recorded total sleep time (TST) were generally shorter than other published cohorts. Sleep efficiency was poor, with low relative amounts of REM sleep and deep non-REM sleep and high relative amounts of non-REM sleep. The sleep architecture of Saudi Arabian KLS patients was similar to other published cohorts.

see page 38

Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid psychiatric and behavioral problems among primary school students in western Saudi Arabia

AlZaben et al determine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), subtypes of ADHD, and psychiatric, academic, and behavioral comorbidity in public primary school students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 929 students were screened. The overall prevalence of ADHD was 5%. The most prevalent subtype of ADHD was combined type, followed by hyperactive type, and inattentive type. The highest prevalence of ADHD overall was in grade 3 and the lowest prevalence in grade 6. Among students with ADHD, prevalence of comorbid psychiatric, academic, and behavioral problems was widespread (oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder, impaired academic performance, classroom behavioral problems, depression/anxiety).

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Prevalence of ADHD subtypes overall and by gender

see page 52

CASE REPORT

Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block. Postoperative analgesia in children with spinal dysraphism

Çevikkalp et al present the cases of 5 pediatric patients with spinal dysraphism who underwent transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) for postoperative pain relief after major abdominal surgery. All patients received sedation with a routine 1 mg of midazolam in the operation room. During the surgery, heart rate (HR), arterial oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and non-invasive blood pressure (BP) were monitored. After commencement of monitoring, anesthesia was induced with intravenous administration of propofol 2 mg/kg; fentanyl, 2 mcg/kg; and mivacurium, 0.2 mg/kg; followed by endotracheal intubation.

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Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block

see page 92