In this issueOriginal ArticlesCase Report
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# Original Articles {#article-title-2}

**CKS1B as a potential target for prognostic assessment and intervention in pancreatic cancer and its role in abnormal proliferation and cellular phenotype through mediation of cell cycle signaling pathways**

Tang et al investigate the role of cell cycle protein-dependent kinase regulatory subunit 1B (CKS1B) in driving the aggressive and rapid proliferation observed in pancreatic cancer. A comprehensive analysis is carried out using raw mRNA information and data from 2 databases. The differential expression of CKS1B at the mRNA and tissue levels in cancer and adjacent paracancerous tissues are assessed. Additionally, the relationship of CKS1B expression and overall survival rate is investigated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Potential molecular mechanisms by which CKS1B may influence the biological characteristics of pancreatic cancer are explored using resources available within the encyclopedia of RNA interactomes database. They concluded that the CKS1B may serve as a novel potential prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer and is involved in the abnormal proliferation biology phenotype by mediating cell cycle signaling pathways.

![Figure1](http://smj.org.sa/https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/45/2/109/F1.medium.gif)

[Figure1](http://smj.org.sa/content/45/2/109/F1)

Identification of differential genes.

***see page 128***

**Determining optimal cuff volume for cuffed endotracheal tubes commonly used in pediatric patients. *A prospective observational study***

Güneş et al determine an optimal cuff inflation volume to achieve safe cuff pressure (20-25 cmH2O) in cuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) with an inner diameter of 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 mm, which are commonly used in pediatric anaesthesia clinical practice and to create a formula to determine the optimal cuff volume. A total of 127 pediatric patients who are intubated with 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5 numbered cuffed ETTs are included in this study. The same brand of cuffed ETT is used for each patient. The diameter of the subglottic transverse airway is measured by ultrasound for selecting the appropriate tube. Cuff pressure is measured with a cuff manometer to ensure optimum cuff pressure (20-25 cmH2O). They concluded that they suggested the optimal cuff volume to inflate the cuffs of ETTs 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5, which are frequently used in pediatric anaesthesia practice, in the appropriate cuff pressure range.

![Figure2](http://smj.org.sa/https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/45/2/109/F2.medium.gif)

[Figure2](http://smj.org.sa/content/45/2/109/F2)

Relationship between endotracheal tube cuff volume and subglottic transverse diameter measured by ultrasound.

***see page 147***

**Neonatal Group B *Streptococcus* infection at a single center in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia**

Surrati et al determine the occurrence of Group B *Streptococcus* (GBS) infection in neonates and its associated risk factors in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. The laboratory and clinical data of 64 neonates are collected and analyzed using GraphPad Prism 7 software. They concluded that neonatal GBS infection is prevalent in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah. Several risk factors may contribute to the occurrence of GBS infection including preterm labor, higher body temperature during delivery, prolonged premature rupture of membranes for more than 18 hours, and GBS bacteriuria. They recommended that larger multi-centric studies are needed in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, to study the magnitude of neonatal GBS infection and risk factors to develop a screening protocol in maternity and children’s hospital.

***see page 163***

# Case Report {#article-title-3}

**Cobalt-chromium toxicity following revision of total hip replacement**

Samargandi et al report a case of a 64-year-old woman, who presented with systemic cobalt-chromium toxicity after revision of fractured ceramic components with metal-on-polyethylene. Systemic toxicity occurred a year after surgery and was expressed brutally with mostly central neurological symptoms. Revision surgery allowed rapid regression of all symptoms. Prosthetic revision with a metal bearing surface after a history of fracture of the ceramic bearing component should be avoided. They concluded that orthopedic surgeons and the different medical actors should be aware of this rare but serious complication to allow earlier management. Above all, multidisciplinary management is primordial to allow correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

![Figure3](http://smj.org.sa/https://smj.org.sa/content/smj/45/2/109/F3.medium.gif)

[Figure3](http://smj.org.sa/content/45/2/109/F3)

Depicts the intra-operative findings. A black-colored fluid collection indicating metallosis.

***see page 194***

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