PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Eman M. Alfadhli TI - Gestational diabetes mellitus AID - 10.15537/smj.2015.4.10307 DP - 2015 Jan 01 TA - Saudi Medical Journal PG - 399--406 VI - 36 IP - 4 4099 - http://smj.org.sa/content/36/4/399.short 4100 - http://smj.org.sa/content/36/4/399.full SO - Saudi Med J2015 Jan 01; 36 AB - Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common medical complication of pregnancy. It is associated with maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. Maintaining adequate blood glucose levels in GDM reduces morbidity for both mother and baby. There is a lack of uniform strategies for screening and diagnosing GDM globally. This review covers the latest update in the diagnosis and management of GDM. The initial treatment of GDM consists of diet and exercise. If these measures fail to achieve glycemic goals, insulin should be initiated. Insulin analogs are more physiological than human insulin, and are associated with less risk of hypoglycemia, and may provide better glycemic control. Insulin lispro, aspart, and detemir are approved to be used in pregnancy. Insulin glargine is not approved in pregnancy, but the existing studies did not show any contraindications. The use of oral hypoglycemic agents; glyburide and metformin seems to be safe and effective in pregnancy.