PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Al-Ani, Zaid R.
AU  - Al-Haj, Shaker A.
AU  - Al-Ani, Muhammad M.
AU  - Al-Dulaimy, Khamees M.
AU  - Al-Maraie, Ayad Kh.
AU  - Al-Ubaidi, Belal Kh.
TI  - Incidence, types, geographical distribution, and risk factors of congenital anomalies in Al-Ramadi Maternity and Children's Teaching Hospital, Western Iraq
DP  - 2012 Sep 01
TA  - Saudi Medical Journal
PG  - 979--989
VI  - 33
IP  - 9
4099  - http://smj.org.sa/content/33/9/979.short
4100  - http://smj.org.sa/content/33/9/979.full
SO  - Saudi Med J2012 Sep 01; 33
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence, types, geographical distribution, and risk factors of congenital anomalies (CAs) in a teaching hospital.METHODS: A total of 5864 neonates were examined for CAs between October 2010 and October 2011 in Al-Ramadi Maternity and Children's Teaching Hospital, Al-Ramadi, Western Iraq. Data include: neonate's name, gender, weight, and type of CAs, mother's age, residence, education, parity, consanguinity, smoking, illness, drugs, and ultrasound (U/S) results, father's age and smoking, and family recurrence of CAs. For every case, 2 controls were selected. Types and incidence of CAs was calculated. Odds ratio and confidence interval was utilized for risk factors evaluation.RESULTS: Overall CA incidences were 40.5/1000 for total births, 40.8/1000 live births, and 270.0/1000 for stillbirths. Twenty percent of CAs was found as multiple, 80% single, 63.8% major, and 36.2% minor. The cardiovascular system was found most affected, followed by genito-urinary system. Low birth weight, male gender, maternal smoking, consanguinity, parity, and CAs family recurrence were found to be significant risk factors, and oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, and positive CAs by U/S, found as significant co-factors associated with CAs, while parental age, and maternal education were not considered risk factors.CONCLUSION: Although the incidence of CAs was lower than the Al-Fallujah rate, it is still higher than many developed and developing countries. Amniotic fluid volume changes in U/S may hide an ominous CA, and maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy and consanguinity may expose the family to a congenitally anomalous delivery.