PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Jubran T. Alqanatish AU - Banan S. Alrewaithi AU - Wafaa M. Alsewairi AU - Altaf H. Khan AU - Mohammed J. Alsalman AU - Abdulrhman A. Alrasheed TI - Temporomandibular joint involvement in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis AID - 10.15537/smj.2021.42.4.20200470 DP - 2021 Apr 01 TA - Saudi Medical Journal PG - 399--404 VI - 42 IP - 4 4099 - http://smj.org.sa/content/42/4/399.short 4100 - http://smj.org.sa/content/42/4/399.full SO - Saudi Med J2021 Apr 01; 42 AB - Objectives: To describe the clinical and laboratory characteristic, state the treatment and outcome of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and describe temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement as observed in a large tertiary center.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of children diagnosed with JIA was assessed at King Abdullah Specialist Children’s Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (2015-2019), which included a descriptive analysis of children who had TMJ involvement among our study group. Subjects diagnosed with the TMJ arthritis were based either on clinical musculoskeletal examination or using contrast-enhanced MRI.Results: We reviewed 123 cases with different JIA subtypes (57% females). The most frequent subtype is the oligoarticular (36%). TMJ involvement was found in 16% (n=20/123) of the patients, of whom 45% had Polyarticular JIA. The rheumatoid factor was positive in 25%; antinuclear antibody (ANA) in 45% and none showed positivity to HLAB27. Treatment resulted in complete resolution in 95% of cases, while Micrognathia and obstructive sleep apnea were the complications reported in 5% of cases.Conclusion: TMJ involvement in JIA is not uncommon. Females with polyarticular disease were more frequently affected with TMJ arthritis. Positive ANA could be a risk factor for TMJ involvement, while positive HLAB27 might have some protective effects. Early treatment for TMJ arthritis is essential to avoid possible complications.