PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Aloweidi, Abdelkarim S.
AU  - Abu-Halaweh, Sami A.
AU  - Al-Edwan, Ghazi M.
AU  - AL Demour, Saddam H.
AU  - Abu Mahfuz, Laith T.
AU  - Noubani, Osama N.
AU  - Al Rwaidi, Mohammad M.
AU  - Bsisu, Isam K.
AU  - Abufaraj, Mohammad M.
TI  - The combinatorial use of propofol-fentanyl-ketamine for sedoanalgesia in patients undergoing urological procedures
AID  - 10.15537/smj.2021.42.6.20210071
DP  - 2021 Jun 01
TA  - Saudi Medical Journal
PG  - 629--635
VI  - 42
IP  - 6
4099  - http://smj.org.sa/content/42/6/629.short
4100  - http://smj.org.sa/content/42/6/629.full
SO  - Saudi Med J2021 Jun 01; 42
AB  - Objectives: To compare sedoanalgesia achieved using propofol-fentanyl-ketamine (PFK) combination with general anesthesia (GA) in terms of safety, hemodynamic stability, and perioperative complications.Methods: Patients in the GA group were anesthetized using fentanyl (2 μg kg-1) and propofol (2 mg kg-1). The PFK group was anesthetized using a mixture of which each one ml contains 0.005 mg of fentanyl, 5 mg of propofol, 5 mg of ketamine, and 2 mg of lidocaine. Patients received an initial dose of 0.05 ml kg-1, followed by 0.05 mg kg-1 60 seconds later. Maintenance boluses of 0.025 ml kg-1 were administered every 3-5 minutes. Respiration occurred spontaneously through a simple face mask with 3 L min-1 O2.Results: The GA group had 37 (37%) patients develop hypotensive episodes, compared to one (1%) episode in the PFK group (p<0.001). Five (5%) patients in the PFK group had an episode of transient O2 desaturation, compared to one (1%) patient in the GA group (p=0.212). The duration of induction and termination of anesthesia were significantly shorter in the PFK group (p<0.001).Conclusion: The PFK combination herein described is safe, effective, and provides intraoperative hemodynamic stability in patients with multiple comorbidities undergoing urological procedures.