PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Alfhili, Mohammad A.
AU  - Ahmad, Irfan
AU  - Alraey, Yasser
AU  - Alangari, Abdulaziz
AU  - Alqahtani, Taha
AU  - Dera, Ayed A.
TI  - Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of plumbagin against multi-drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates
AID  - 10.15537/smj.2022.43.11.20220446
DP  - 2022 Nov 01
TA  - Saudi Medical Journal
PG  - 1224--1233
VI  - 43
IP  - 11
4099  - http://smj.org.sa/content/43/11/1224.short
4100  - http://smj.org.sa/content/43/11/1224.full
SO  - Saudi Med J2022 Nov 01; 43
AB  - Objectives: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of plumbagin (PGN) against multidrug resistance (MDR) clinical isolates.Methods: This study was carried out at the Department of Clinical Lab Sciences, King Khalid University from October 6, 2021 to December 14, 2021. We investigated the antibacterial and anti-virulence activity of PGN against MDR Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella Typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus [S. aureus], Staphylococcus saprophyticus [S. saprophyticus], Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis) clinical bacterial isolates. Agar well diffusion, microdilution assay, colony count method, biofilm formation, and time-kill kinetics were employed to probe the MIC, MBC, and anti-virulence activity of PGN.Results: Plumbagin inhibited the growth of all tested isolates, with S. saprophyticus exhibiting the highest sensitivity. MIC values ranged from 0.029 to 0.117 µg/mL whereas MBC ranged from 0.235 to 0.94 µg/mL, with 79% to 99% growth inhibition. Moreover, all tested isolates showed a marked decrease in biofilm formation, with S. saprophyticus and S. aureus being the most sensitive.Conclusion: Plumbagin is a stand-alone, broad spectrum antibacterial with promising potential against the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance.