RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 An overview of pathophysiology and treatment options of osteonecrosis of femoral head in sickle cell disease
JF Saudi Medical Journal
JO Saudi Med J
FD Prince Sultan Military Medical City
SP 1192
OP 1199
DO 10.15537/smj.2022.43.11.20220429
VO 43
IS 11
A1 Al-Otaibi, Mohammed L.
YR 2022
UL http://smj.org.sa/content/43/11/1192.abstract
AB Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal pathologic manifestation of sickle cell disease (SCD) resulting in an osteonecrotic event. This review aimed to summarize mechanisms involved in pathophysiology of ONFH and treatment options available in Saudi Arabia to treat SCD patients with complication of osteonecrotic event. The pathophysiology of ONFH include genetic and micro particles involvement. The progression of osteonecrosis involves reduced levels of bioactive compounds in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and elevated CD4+T circulating levels to stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing to inflammation at target site. Initial treatment approach is pharmacological agents use to mitigate risk. Further, bone morphogenetic protein stimulation initiate bone formation and treatment can be improved with the use of bone morphogenetic protein, total hip arthroplasty and cell therapies. This review provides baseline information for future studies to be carried out in Saudi Arabia to improve treatment options in SCD patients with ONFH.