PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Aljohaney, Ahmed A.
TI  - Real time endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of tuberculous intrathoracic lymphadenopathy
AID  - 10.15537/smj.2023.44.2.20220434
DP  - 2023 Feb 01
TA  - Saudi Medical Journal
PG  - 178--186
VI  - 44
IP  - 2
4099  - http://smj.org.sa/content/44/2/178.short
4100  - http://smj.org.sa/content/44/2/178.full
SO  - Saudi Med J2023 Feb 01; 44
AB  - Objectives: To assess the utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for presumptive tuberculosis (TB) patients with intrathoracic enlarged lymph nodes in a country with low to moderate TB incidence.Methods: Thirty-one patients with clinical features of TB and intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, who had EBUS-TBNA sampling and final confirmation of intrathoracic TB lymphadenopathy, were retrospectively reviewed over an 8-year period. Routine clinical and laboratory evaluations including computerized tomography scans were performed before the EBUS-TBNA. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profile, pathological, and microbiological findings were collected.Results: The EBUS-TBNA confirmed TB diagnosis in 26 (83.9%) subjects with a consistent pathological finding or positive culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pathological analysis had findings consistent with TB in 25 (80.6%) patients. Culture of the EBUS-TBNA sample was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 12 (38.7%) patients. Other supportive investigations like purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test was positive in 28 (90.3%) participants. Overall, the sensitivity of the EBUS-TBNA alone was 83.9%. No complications were recorded during the procedure. The EBUS-TBNA aspirate culture positivity was significantly related to having a larger size lymph node (p=0.048) only, while PPD positivity was significantly related to baseline and clinical features of the participants.Conclusion: The EBUS-TBNA demonstrated effective utility and safety in the evaluation and diagnosis of intrathoracic TB lymphadenopathy among individuals with compatible symptoms in a country with low-moderate TB-incidence.