PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Mohammedsaeed, Walaa M.
AU  - Alghamdi, Zain J.
TI  - Autoimmune diseases and their prevalence in Saudi Arabian patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
AID  - 10.15537/smj.2023.44.8.20230240
DP  - 2023 Aug 01
TA  - Saudi Medical Journal
PG  - 751--760
VI  - 44
IP  - 8
4099  - http://smj.org.sa/content/44/8/751.short
4100  - http://smj.org.sa/content/44/8/751.full
SO  - Saudi Med J2023 Aug 01; 44
AB  - Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of autoimmune disorders among young and adult populations diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia, and assess the potential impact of these conditions on other comorbidities.Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study examined autoimmune disorders in T1DM youth and adults. A total of 2258 verified T1DMs were tested. Analyzed hospital and laboratory data. Autoimmune T1DM was investigated clinically and laboratory.Results: A total of 2258 T1DM adults, adolescents, and children were investigated; 500 (22.2%) were under 12, 540 (23.9%) were 13–17, and 1218 (53.9%) were 18 plus. Autoimmune with T1DM was 67.4%. Gender and age affect prevalence. 25.7% of adult females had autoimmune thyroiditis. Children and adolescents have greater rates of celiac disease than adults of both genders. Adrenal insufficiency was more frequent in adults. Adult males had 28.5% polyglandular autoimmune diseases, and women had 19.7%. Type 1 DM and other autoimmune illnesses increase the risk of nephropathy, CVD, and hypoglycemia. Bloodstream biomarkers linked to these disorders corroborate this.Conclusion: Autoimmune diseases in Saudi patients with T1DM exhibited specificity with respect to gender and age. Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah have a heightened prevalence of autoimmune diseases among young individuals diagnosed with T1DM, such as celiac disease and autoimmune thyroiditis. Conversely, older individuals in the region have been observed to exhibit a greater incidence of adrenal failure and polyglandular autoimmune disorders. Autoimmune diseases that result in nephropathy, CVD, and hypoglycemia are highly prevalent based on biomarker levels.