PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Shedrack R. Nayebare
AU  - Omar S. Aburizaiza
AU  - Azhar Siddique
AU  - David O. Carpenter
AU  - Jahan Zeb
AU  - Abdullah J. Aburizaiza
AU  - Cristian Pantea
AU  - Mirza M. Hussain
AU  - Haider A. Khwaja
TI  - Association of fine particulate air pollution with cardiopulmonary morbidity in Western Coast of Saudi Arabia
AID  - 10.15537/smj.2017.9.18545
DP  - 2017 Aug 01
TA  - Saudi Medical Journal
PG  - 905--912
VI  - 38
IP  - 9
4099  - http://smj.org.sa/content/38/9/905.short
4100  - http://smj.org.sa/content/38/9/905.full
SO  - Saudi Med J2017 Aug 01; 38
AB  - Objectives: To assess cardiopulmonary morbidity associated with daily exposures to PM2.5 in Western Coast of Saudi Arabia.Methods: We monitored 24-h PM2.5 and its constituents including black carbon (BC), particulate sulfate (p-SO42–), nitrate (p-NO3–), ammonium (p-NH4+) and trace elements (TEs) at a site in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia from May to June 2013 with simultaneous collection of hospital data (N=2513). Cardiopulmonary morbidity risk was determined in a generalized linear time-series model.Results: Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a 7.6% (p=0.056) increase in risk of respiratory disease (RD) in females. Black carbon increased RD morbidity risk by 68.1% (p=0.056) in females. Exposure to p-SO42– increased the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by up to 5.3% (p=0.048) in males; and RD by 2.9% (p=0.037) in females and 2.5% (p=0.022) in males. The p-NH4+ increased CVD risk by up to 20.3% (p=0.033) in males; and RD by 10.7% (p=0.014) in females and 8% (p=0.031) in males. No statistically significant association was observed for p-NO3– and TEs exposure.Conclusion: Overall, results show an increased risk for cardiopulmonary morbidity following exposure to air pollution.