RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Chronic periodontitis and smoking Prevalence and dose-response relationship JF Saudi Medical Journal JO Saudi Med J FD Prince Sultan Military Medical City SP 889 OP 894 DO 10.15537/smj.2016.8.14223 VO 37 IS 8 A1 Khan, Shahrukh A1 Khalid, Taimur A1 Awan, Kamran H. YR 2016 UL http://smj.org.sa/content/37/8/889.abstract AB Objectives: To determine the prevalence and dose-response relationship of chronic periodontitis among smokers in Pakistan.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study among participants seeking dental care in Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 443 participants with a mean age of 44.3 (±6.5) participated in the study from April 2011 to December 2011. Males comprised 64.7%, and females comprised 35.2%. Participants were interviewed on social demographics and oral habits. Participants with shallow pockets (3.5-5.5 mm) and deep pockets (>5.5 mm) were considered suffering from chronic periodontitis. The characteristics of participants were assessed using frequency distribution for categorical variables and mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables.Results: Among 443 participants, smokers were distributed as 55.1% and non-smokers as 44.9%. Smoking was found to be significantly related to young adults (p<0.007), male gender (p<0.001), and lower education level (p<0.01). Overall prevalence of chronic periodontitis among smokers was estimated at 81.6%. Heavy smoking was found to have significantly high prevalence (p<0.001) and severity (p<0.001) of periodontitis as compared with moderate and light smokers. The multivariate unadjusted model depicted 3.5 times higher risk of chronic periodontitis among smokers (p<0.001).Conclusion: Chronic periodontitis had a high prevalence among smokers. Heavy smoking was found to have a higher risk for having periodontitis.