- Increasing patient arterial pCO2 on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
| Category | Causes | Response |
|---|---|---|
| ECMO-related | i. Gas flow rate is too low | i. ↑ Sweep gas flow |
| ii. Oxygenator failure | ii. Check pre- and post-oxygenator blood gases | |
| Patient-related | i. Pneumothorax | i. CXR |
| ii. Hemothorax | ii. Pulmonary cultures | |
| iii. Ventilator-associated pneumoniaiv. PE | iii. Bronchoscopyiv. CT PE | |
| Ventilator-related | Inadequate ventilation | Adjust ventilator parameters |
| pCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PE: pulmonary embolism, CXR: chest x-ray, CT: computed tomography | ||