Table 2

- Comparison of heart rates (minute) within and between groups.

Time	Low-flow group (n=32)	Mid-flow group (n=25)	High-flow group (n=25)	P-value¹
Time	Mean±SD			P-value¹
Baseline	84.18±12.06^‡	79.00±11.42^‡	88.36±11.22^‡	0.112*
Induction	80.95±12.45	81.81±12.60^‡	81.84±10.35^‡	0.965*
Intubation	88.77±10.10^‡	86.81±12.48^‡	92.47±15.63^‡	0.466*
5th min	79.54±8.48	77.81±13.90	83.68±14.11^‡	0.372*
10th min	76.68±9.02	71.18±11.00	75.73±13.74	0.414*
15th min	72.81±8.81^‡	67.45±11.50^‡	69.94±10.37^‡	0.332*
30th min	71.45±7.35^‡	65.81±12.54^‡	67.00±9.26^‡	0.176*
60th min	71.09±6.26^†,‡	63.00±8.55^†,‡	67.26±8.61^‡	0.021*
90th min	71.26±7.72^‡	66.50±11.08^‡	72.58±9.10^‡	0.249*
P-value²	<0.001**	<0.001**	<0.001**

*One-way ANOVA test (post-hoc: ^†Bonferroni), **repeated measures ANOVA test (post-hoc: ^‡Bonferroni), SD: standard deviation