- The quality evaluation of the cross-sectional studies using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
| Studies | Selection | Comparability | Outcome | Quality score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representativeness of sample | Sample size | Comparability of non-respondents | Ascertainment of exposure | Statistical analysis design characteristics | Evaluation of outcome | Statistical analysis | ||
| Barbosa et al34 | ★ | ★ | ★ | 0 | ★★ | ★ | ★ | Good |
| Jacob et al36 | ★ | ★ | ★ | 0 | ★★ | ★ | ★ | Good |
| Karatasakis et al46 | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | Good |
| Yuan et al51 | ★ | ★ | ★ | 0 | ★★ | ★ | ★ | Good |
★Quality score assigned for each category as per the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria