- Characteristics of the included studies.
| Author (year) | Title | Design | No. of study participants (medicated / unmedicated) | Gender distribution(boys/girls) and race | Age group | BMI range and obesity criteria used | Type of medication used for ADHD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curtin et al24 (2005) | Prevalence of overweight in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders: a chart review | Retrospective chart review | 98 (32 / 66) | (79 / 19)Whites, African American, Hispanics | 3 to 18 years | Obesity was defined as >95% percentile of the CDC growth charts | Stimulant medications (methylphenidate and amphetamine salts) used |
| Visser et al25 (2007) | National estimates and factors associated with medication treatment for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | National Survey of Children’s Health data | 6497 (3746 / 2751) | (4683 / 1814)Hispanic and Latino | 4 to 17 years | Stimulant medications used | |
| Waring and Lapne26 (2008) | Overweight in children and adolescents in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results from a national sample | Cross-sectional study | 5680 (2424 / 3256) | (4101 / 1579)Hispanic and non-Hispanic blacks and whites | 5 to 17 years | Obesity was defined as >95% percentile of the CDC growth charts | NA |
| Dubnov-Raz & Berger27 (2011) | BMI of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | Retrospective chart review | 275 (135 / 140) | NA Jewish | 6 to 16 years old | Overweight and obesity was defined as >85% and >95% percentile of the CDC growth charts | Stimulant medication (methylphenidate) used |
| Kim et al28 (2011) | Health behaviors and obesity among US children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by gender and medication use | Cross-sectional study | 6070 (3580 / 2490) | (4356 / 1714)Hispanic and African American | 6 to 17 years | Obesity was defined as >95% percentile of the CDC growth charts | Stimulant medications used |
| Byrd & Curtain29 (2013) | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity in US males and females, age 8-15 years: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004 | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey | 412 (185 / 227) | (275 / 137)Non-Hispanic whites and blacks Mexican Americans | 8 to 15 years | Obesity was defined as >95% percentile of the CDC growth charts | NA |
| Spencer et al30 (2014) | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and adverse health outcomes in adults | Cross-sectional study | 198 (98 / 100) | (93 / 105) Caucasian | 8 to 18 years | NA | Stimulant medications used |
| Hanć et al31 (2015) | ADHD and overweight in boys: cross-sectional study with birth weight as a controlled factor | Cross-sectional study | 219 (79 / 140) | All 219 boys Polish | 6 to 18 years | NA | Stimulant medications used |
ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, US: United States, NA: not available, &: and, BMI: body mass index, CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.: number