Table 4

- Distribution of survival status in relation to management protocol, complications, and treatment options in the study participants (N=248)

ParameterUnitSurvivalsNon-survivorsLong rank testP-value
n%n%
Management protocol
Intensive care unit admissionNo15899.410.632.25<0.001*
Yes4550.64449.4
Non-invasive ventilationNo16381.13818.93.170.07
Yes4085.1714.9
Invasive ventilationNo20194.8115.273.57<0.001*
Yes25.63494.4
Inserted tracheostomyNo20286.73113.316.11<0.001*
Yes16.71493.3
Renal replacement therapyNo20083.04117.00.170.67
Yes342.9457.1
Complications
PneumothoraxNo20383.24116.87.50.006*
Yes00.04100.0
Pleural effusionNo19782.84117.21.130.28
Yes660.0440.0
Pulmonary embolismNo19984.03816.01.890.18
Yes436.4763.6
Cardiac arrestNo20399.021.0121.3<0.001*
Yes00.043100.0
Cardiac ischemiaNo20283.54016.56.310.01*
Yes116.7583.3
Cardiac arrhythmiaNo20283.14116.92.160.14
Yes120.0480.0
Heart failureNo20383.54016.567.48<0.001*
Yes00.0510.0
Cerebrovascular strokeNo20383.54016.512.09<0.001*
Yes00.05100.0
Liver dysfunctionNo18981.54318.50.590.44
Yes1487.5212.5
Acute renal failureNo20385.33514.722.97<0.001*
Yes00.010100.0
BacteremiaNo20283.54016.55.930.01*
Yes116.7583.3
Treatments
RibavirinNo18281.64118.40.340.55
Yes2184.0416.0
Lopinavir-RitonavirNo15983.33216.80.150.69
Yes4477.21322.8
ChloroquineNo12979.13420.93.380.06
Yes19881.54518.5
CorticosteroidsNo16183.03317.00.100.74
Yes4277.81222.2
HeparinNo12389.11510.92.640.10
Yes8072.73027.3
  • * Statistically significant at p<0.05.