Table 4

- Distribution of survival status in relation to management protocol, complications, and treatment options in the study participants (N=248)

Parameter	Unit	Survivals		Non-survivors		Long rank test	P-value
Parameter	Unit	n	%	n	%	Long rank test	P-value
*Management protocol*
Intensive care unit admission	No	158	99.4	1	0.6	32.25	<0.001^*
Intensive care unit admission	Yes	45	50.6	44	49.4	32.25	<0.001^*
Non-invasive ventilation	No	163	81.1	38	18.9	3.17	0.07
Non-invasive ventilation	Yes	40	85.1	7	14.9	3.17	0.07
Invasive ventilation	No	201	94.8	11	5.2	73.57	<0.001^*
Invasive ventilation	Yes	2	5.6	34	94.4	73.57	<0.001^*
Inserted tracheostomy	No	202	86.7	31	13.3	16.11	<0.001^*
Inserted tracheostomy	Yes	1	6.7	14	93.3	16.11	<0.001^*
Renal replacement therapy	No	200	83.0	41	17.0	0.17	0.67
Renal replacement therapy	Yes	3	42.9	4	57.1	0.17	0.67
*Complications*
Pneumothorax	No	203	83.2	41	16.8	7.5	0.006^*
Pneumothorax	Yes	0	0.0	4	100.0	7.5	0.006^*
Pleural effusion	No	197	82.8	41	17.2	1.13	0.28
Pleural effusion	Yes	6	60.0	4	40.0	1.13	0.28
Pulmonary embolism	No	199	84.0	38	16.0	1.89	0.18
Pulmonary embolism	Yes	4	36.4	7	63.6	1.89	0.18
Cardiac arrest	No	203	99.0	2	1.0	121.3	<0.001^*
Cardiac arrest	Yes	0	0.0	43	100.0	121.3	<0.001^*
Cardiac ischemia	No	202	83.5	40	16.5	6.31	0.01^*
Cardiac ischemia	Yes	1	16.7	5	83.3	6.31	0.01^*
Cardiac arrhythmia	No	202	83.1	41	16.9	2.16	0.14
Cardiac arrhythmia	Yes	1	20.0	4	80.0	2.16	0.14
Heart failure	No	203	83.5	40	16.5	67.48	<0.001^*
Heart failure	Yes	0	0.0	5	10.0	67.48	<0.001^*
Cerebrovascular stroke	No	203	83.5	40	16.5	12.09	<0.001^*
Cerebrovascular stroke	Yes	0	0.0	5	100.0	12.09	<0.001^*
Liver dysfunction	No	189	81.5	43	18.5	0.59	0.44
Liver dysfunction	Yes	14	87.5	2	12.5	0.59	0.44
Acute renal failure	No	203	85.3	35	14.7	22.97	<0.001^*
Acute renal failure	Yes	0	0.0	10	100.0	22.97	<0.001^*
Bacteremia	No	202	83.5	40	16.5	5.93	0.01^*
Bacteremia	Yes	1	16.7	5	83.3	5.93	0.01^*
*Treatments*
Ribavirin	No	182	81.6	41	18.4	0.34	0.55
Ribavirin	Yes	21	84.0	4	16.0	0.34	0.55
Lopinavir-Ritonavir	No	159	83.3	32	16.8	0.15	0.69
Lopinavir-Ritonavir	Yes	44	77.2	13	22.8	0.15	0.69
Chloroquine	No	129	79.1	34	20.9	3.38	0.06
Chloroquine	Yes	198	81.5	45	18.5	3.38	0.06
Corticosteroids	No	161	83.0	33	17.0	0.10	0.74
Corticosteroids	Yes	42	77.8	12	22.2	0.10	0.74
Heparin	No	123	89.1	15	10.9	2.64	0.10
Heparin	Yes	80	72.7	30	27.3	2.64	0.10

↵ ^* Statistically significant at p<0.05.