- Antimicrobial susceptibility among 289 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
| Mode of action | Class | Antimicrobial agents | CS-MDR-PA (n=14) | MDR-PA (n=114) | CR-MDR-PA (n=161) | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitive | Resistant | Sensitive | Resistant | Sensitive | Resistant | Sensitive | Resistant | |||
| Protein synthesis (30S ribosomal subunit) | Aminoglycosides | Amikacin | 11 (78.6) | 2 (14.3) | 99 (86.8) | 11 (9.6) | 1 (0.6) | 128 (79.5) | 111 (38.4) | 141 (48.8) |
| Gentamicin | 8 (57.1) | 5 (35.7) | 94 (82.5) | 17 (14.9) | 0 (0.0) | 128 (79.5) | 102 (35.3) | 150 (51.9) | ||
| β-lactams (cephalosporins), 3rd generation | Cefotaxime | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (2.1) | |
| Ceftazidime | 3 (21.4) | 8 (57.1) | 69 (60.5) | 15 (13.2) | 2 (1.2) | 117 (72.7) | 74 (25.6) | 140 (48.4) | ||
| Ceftriaxone | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.6) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 67 (41.6) | 3 (1.0) | 68 (23.5) | ||
| Cefoperazone/sulbactam | 5 (35.7) | 3 (21.4) | 66 (57.9) | 21 (18.4) | 18 (11.2) | 102 (63.4) | 89 (30.8) | 126 (43.6) | ||
| Cell wall synthesis | β-lactams (carbapenem) | Imipenem | 13 (92.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.5) | 102 (89.5) | 2 (1.2) | 65 (40.4) | 19 (6.6) | 167 (57.8) |
| Meropenem | 13 (92.9) | 0 (0.0) | 21 (18.4) | 76 (66.7) | 0 (0.0) | 67 (41.6) | 34 (11.8) | 143 (49.5) | ||
| Ertapenem | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 31 (19.3) | 1 (0.3) | 33 (11.4) | ||
| Combinations: piperacillin (β-lactams) and tazobactam (β-lactamase inhibitors) | Piperacillin/tazobactam | 2 (14.3) | 3 (21.4) | 69 (60.5) | 16 (14.0) | 34 (21.1) | 101 (62.7) | 105 (36.3) | 120 (41.5) | |
| DNA gyrase | Fluoroquinolone | Levofloxacin | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | 5 (4.4) | 2 (1.8) | 1 (0.6) | 77 (47.8) | 6 (2.1) | 80 (27.7) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 7 (50.0) | 4 (28.6) | 81 (71.1) | 26 (22.8) | 0 (0.0) | 61 (37.9) | 88 (30.4) | 91 (31.5) | ||
| Norfloxacin | 0 (0.0) | 2 (14.3) | 9 (7.9) | 4 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (10.6) | 9 (3.1) | 23 (8.0) | ||
| Sitafloxacin | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.4) | ||
| Cell membrane | Lipopeptides | Colistin | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 60 (37.3) | 0 (0.0) | 81 (28.0) | 0 (0.0) |
CS-MDR-PA: carbapenem-susceptible multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MDR-PA: multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CR-MDR-PA: carbapenem-resistant multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa