- Intraoperative hemodynamics over time.
| Variables | All patients (N=159) | DEX group (n=74) | Non-DEX group (n=85) | P-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean arterial pressure | ||||
| T0 | 94.0±13.0 | 93.5±14.5 | 94.4±11.5 | >0.999 |
| T1 | 91.6±18.9 | 89.1±21.8 | 93.7±15.8 | 0.376 |
| T2 | 104.0±20.1 | 102.1±19.0 | 105.5±21.0 | >0.999 |
| T3 | 83.3±12.9 | 80.6±13.1 | 85.6±12.4 | 0.094 |
| T4 | 82.3±16.6 | 74.0±12.6 | 89.5±16.4 | <0.001 |
| T5 | 96.9±16.1 | 92.3±14.0 | 100.8±16.9 | 0.003 |
| Heart rate | ||||
| T0 | 75.4±12.9 | 75.1±12.2 | 75.7±13.5 | >0.999 |
| T1 | 81.9±15.7 | 81.1±17.0 | 82.7±14.5 | >0.999 |
| T2 | 83.7±16.5 | 82.7±17.5 | 84.7±15.5 | >0.999 |
| T3 | 68.6±12.0 | 63.5±10.6 | 72.9±11.3 | <0.001 |
| T4 | 66.6±12.1 | 60.3±10.3 | 72.0±10.9 | <0.001 |
| T5 | 82.5±13.9 | 76.8±11.6 | 87.3±13.9 | 0.001 |
| Bispectral index | ||||
| T0 | 94.3±3.8 | 94.6±4.0 | 94.1±3.6 | 0.379 |
| T1 | 39.2±9.3 | 39.5±10.4 | 38.9±8.2 | >0.999 |
| T2 | 37.8±8.0 | 37.4±8.1 | 38.1±8.0 | >0.999 |
| T3 | 40.5±7.1 | 40.7±7.4 | 40.3±6.9 | >0.999 |
| T4 | 51.5±9.9 | 49.0±10.1 | 53.7±9.1 | 0.016 |
| T5 | 80.7±7.7 | 81.1±8.6 | 80.3±6.8 | >0.999 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | ||||
| T0 | 99.3±1.0 | 99.3±0.9 | 99.2±1.1 | >0.999 |
| T1 | 99.9±0.4 | 99.8±0.5 | 99.9±0.4 | >0.999 |
| T2 | 99.8±0.5 | 99.9±0.5 | 99.8±0.5 | >0.999 |
| T3 | 99.9±0.4 | 99.9±0.4 | 99.9±0.3 | >0.999 |
| T4 | 99.9±0.3 | 99.9±0.4 | 100.0±0.2 | >0.999 |
| T5 | 99.9±0.6 | 99.8±0.7 | 99.9±0.4 | >0.999 |
| Oxygen reserve index | ||||
| T0 | 0.0±0.1 | 0.0±0.1 | 0.0±0.1 | >0.999 |
| T1 | 0.4±0.2 | 0.4±0.2 | 0.4±0.2 | 0.183 |
| T2 | 0.4±0.2 | 0.4±0.2 | 0.4±0.2 | 0.887 |
| T3 | 0.4±0.3 | 0.4±0.3 | 0.4±0.3 | >0.999 |
| T4 | 0.6±0.3 | 0.5±0.3 | 0.6±0.3 | 0.030 |
| T5 | 0.5±0.5 | 0.5±0.7 | 0.5±0.3 | >0.999 |
| MAC of sevoflurane | ||||
| T1 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.0±0.3 | 1.1±0.2 | 0.051 |
| T2 | 1.2±0.3 | 1.0±0.3 | 1.2±0.3 | 0.002 |
| T3 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 1.0±0.2 | <0.001 |
| T4 | 0.4±0.2 | 0.4±0.2 | 0.5±0.2 | 0.843 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). DEX: dexmedetomidine, MAC: minimum alveolar concentration, T0: before intubation, T1: start of surgery, T2: insufflation of intra-abdominal CO2, T3: deflation of intra-abdominal CO2, T4: end of surgery, T5: after extubation