- Clinical manifestations and some investigations for patients with acute chest syndrome.
| Variables | Precentages of ACS episodes |
|---|---|
| Symptoms | |
| Fever | 80% |
| Chest pain | 76% |
| VOC | 74% |
| Cough | 70% |
| Shortness of breath | 38% |
| Productive cough | 24% |
| Chills | 18% |
| Wheezing | 11% |
| Hemoptysis | 2% |
| Vital signs | |
| Temperature >38°C | 36% |
| Respirations >30/minute | 36% |
| Pulse >140 beats/minute | 15% |
| Examination | |
| Rales | 57% |
| Normal exam | 35% |
| Dullness to percussion | 31% |
| Rhonchi | 16% |
| Chest X-ray findings | |
| Infiltrates | 94% |
| Effusion | 50% |
| Arterial blood gas | |
| PaO2 <80 mmHg | 88% |
| PaCO2 >40 mmHg | 46% |
Data are collected from 1708 ACS events.8,10,11,19,53 ACS: acute chest syndrome, VOC: vaso-occlusive pain crisis, PaO2: partial oxygen pressure, PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide