Table 3

- Low self-esteem’s related behaviors (N=1099).

Behavior statements	Level of self-esteem
	Low	Normal/High	P-value*
	Mean±SD
Seeking professional (medical) help	2.63±0.88	2.68±0.92	0.511
Attaching to students’ study groups	2.37±0.88	2.69±0.89	<0.001**
Attending self-development programs	2.26±0.91	2.67±0.93	<0.001**
Using illicit drugs (alcohol, amphetamine, and so on)	1.49±0.86	1.47±0.85	0.719
Self-medication to increase my self-esteem	2.03±1.01	1.99±1.03	0.579
Self-injury behaviors	1.82±0.96	1.57±0.87	<0.001**
Suicidal behaviors	1.86±0.99	1.50±0.86	<0.001**
Procrastination	3.03±1.07	2.42±1.06	<0.001**
Avoiding certain situations or people	3.27±0.88	2.87±0.86	<0.001**
Quitting tasks partially	2.94±0.87	2.50±0.87	<0.001**
Rushing through work	2.85±0.89	2.56±0.82	<0.001**
Displaying an “I don’t care” attitude	2.98±0.94	2.59±0.93	<0.001**
Trying to please others all the time	2.72±1.00	2.35±0.95	<0.001**
Working excessively hard at everything I do	2.72±0.97	2.83±0.85	0.079
Trying to be perfect all of the time	3.01±0.91	2.92±0.87	0.167
Excessive competitiveness	2.57±0.99	2.57±0.90	0.999
Acting angrily if mistakes are made	2.94±0.94	2.57±0.88	<0.001**
Being unable to say no	2.83±0.93	2.49±0.91	<0.001**
Frequently putting yourself down when you speak	2.96±0.85	2.26±0.89	<0.001**
Dismissing your thoughts as unimportant to others	3.01±0.81	2.33±0.89	<0.001**
Avoiding giving your opinion or expressing your feelings	3.000.90	2.43±0.89	<0.001**
Seeking sympathy from others	2.17±0.96	2.03±0.91	0.027**
Getting other people to do things for you because you believe you aren’t capable	2.20±0.99	1.89±0.92	<0.001**
Acting in an aggressive way (such as shouting, and so on)	2.34±0.96	2.03±0.95	<0.001**
Blame others for the negative way you feel about yourself	2.28±0.99	2.00±0.93	<0.001**
Being defensive when others give you constructive criticism or feedback	2.55±0.93	2.25±0.91	<0.001**

↵Response has a range from “strongly disagree” coded with 1 to “strongly agree” coded with 4. *P-value has been calculated using an independent sample t-test. **Significant at p<0.05 level.