-A multivariate logistic regression model was employed to investigate the potential associations between biomarkers and the incidence of either type 1 diabetes mellitus or other autoimmune diseases.
| Parameters | Only T1DM | Autoimmune thyroiditis | CD | AI | PGAS | Nephropathy | CVD | Hypoglycemia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FBG | 6.32 (2.22-7.17) | 5.32 (1.27-6.17) | 5.32 (2.77-6.19) | 5.44 (1.47-7.19) | 1.24 (0.27-2.17) | 6.55 (1.33-7.57) | 4.33 (1.77-5.87) | -5.51 (1.37-6.97) |
| HbA1c | 6.33 (2.31-7.27) | 1.22 (1.31-2.28) | 1.22 (1.21-2.33) | 1.21 (1.01-2.08) | 2.22 (1.01-2.58) | 2.32 (1.21-2.77) | 4.44 (1.61-5.28) | -5.44 (1.91-7.28) |
| Cholesterol | 1.11 (1.02-1.44) | -4.44 (1.52-5.44) | 1.32 (0.52-2.44) | 5.43 (2.54-6.44) | 1.11 (0.72-1.44) | 3.22 (1.32-4.44) | 5.55 (1.62-7.84) | 1.12 (0.82-2.04) |
| Triglycerides | 1.32 (0.82-2.07) | 2.21 (0.92-3.01) | 1.23 (0.98-2.11) | 2.11 (1.12-3.11) | 2.23 (1.22-3.41) | 3.21 (1.82-4.01) | 5.66 (1.92-6.90) | 1.34 (0.91-2.01) |
| Albumin | 3.21 (1.12-3.87) | 1.11 (0.62-1.87) | 1.11 (0.82-1.97) | 1.11 (0.72-1.97) | 0.54 (0.22-1.47) | -5.55 (2.62-6.87) | 1.11 (0.72-1.67) | 1.14 (0.72-1.47) |
| Creatinine | 3.64 (1.32-4.02) | 0.76 (0.52-1.82) | 1.21 (0.62-1.94) | 2.15 (1.52-2.82) | 0.076 (0.42-1.72) | 7.65 (2.52-9.92) | 1.34 (0.52-1.92) | 0.44 (0.32-1.12) |
| GADA | 7.81 (2.52-8.47) | 0.78 (0.52-1.47) | 0.55 (0.42-1.47) | 2.22 (1.42-2.47) | 5.44 (1.52-7.27) | 3.32 (1.52-4.41) | 2.21 (1.52-2.47) | 0.54 (0.22-1.17) |
| ICA | 6.66 (1.32-7.87) | 0.55 (0.32-1.87) | 0.43 (0.32-1.37) | 0.86 (0.42-1.77) | 3.33 (1.32-3.97) | 3.44 (1.32-3.87) | 2.45 (1.32-2.87) | 0.43 (0.12-1.05) |
| C-peptide | -6.56 (1.42-8.13) | 1.43 (1.12-2.13) | 0.87 (0.72-1.73) | 2.13 (1.32-2.88) | 2.15 (1.15-2.88) | 2.18 (1.11-3.13) | 1.54 (1.18-2.43) | 4.35 (1.52-5.13) |
| TSH | 3.33 (1.22-3.47) | 6.54 (1.52-7.87) | 0.76 (0.42-1.37) | 2.01 (0.52-2.87) | 2.9 (1.22-3.15) | 0.95 (0.99-1.98) | 4.54 (1.66-5.97) | 1.61 (1.12-1.97) |
| T4 | 3.22 (1.21-3.34) | 6.54 (2.21-7.54) | 0.56 (0.41-1.54) | 3.22 (1.21-3.14) | 1.16 (0.71-1.84) | 3.33 (1.21-3.54) | 5.43 (1.23-8.54) | 0.59 (0.21-1.54) |
| TPO | 2.31 (1.02-2.66) | 8.55 (1.82-9.66) | 1.21 (0.82-1.66) | 0.44 (0.22-1.16) | 5.34 (1.85-7.66) | 3.21 (0.82-3.66) | 1.45 (1.02-1.66) | 0.73 (0.52-1.66) |
| anti-tTG | 2.33 (1.25-2.87) | 1.5 (0.85-2.07) | 6.51 (1.95-7.87) | 0.32 (0.15-1.17) | 3.32 (1.85-4.07) | 3.44 (0.85-2.07) | 1.32 (0.75-2.77) | 1.32 (0.83-2.17) |
| IgA | 6.71 (3.22-8.18) | 6.43 (2.27-7.98) | 8.65 (2.77-9.99) | 5.31 (2.427-6.97) | 7.55 (2.27-9.98) | 5.43 (2.17-8.08) | 1.86 (1.27-2.98) | 1.38 (1.11-2.08) |
| ACTH | 2.13 (1.52-3.11) | 2.12 (1.62-2.77) | 1.22 (0.62-2.27) | -5.55 (1.72-6.877) | 2.34 (1.42-3.17) | 1.32 (1.42-2.97) | 0.44 (0.62-1.77) | 0.41 (0.62-1.77) |
| Cortisol | 2.33 (1.12-3.14) | 2.11 (1.16-3.24) | 1.34 (0.86-1.77) | -6.66 (2.16-7.84) | 2.54 (1.10-3.04) | 1.44 (1.17-2.32) | 4.55 (1.76-5.24) | 0.53 (0.46-1.24) |
| Adrenal 21-OH Ab | 2.34 (0.92-2.87) | 2.11 (1.52-2.97) | 1.22 (1.12-2.27) | 7.66 (2.52-8.79) | 5.45 (2.58-6.90) | 2.25 (1.32-3.09) | 0.65 (0.52-1.37) | 0.37 (0.53-1.37) |
Values are presented as odd ratios (OR) for the 95% confidence intervals (CI). The model was adjusted for age and gender. * P≤0.05 or 0.001. CD: celiac disease, AI: adrenal insufficiency, PGAS: polyglandular autoimmune syndromes, FBG: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c, GADA: glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody, ICA: Islet cell antibodies, TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone, T4: thyroxine, TPO: anti-thyroperoxidase, anti-tTG: transglutaminase antibody, IgA: immunoglobulin A, ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone, CVD: cardiovascular disease