- Other clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome.
| Systems | Clinical features |
|---|---|
| Neurologic | Choreoathetosis, cognitive decline, migraine, myelitis, retinal ischemia, and seizures |
| Cardiovascular | Accelerated atherosclerosis, aortic and mitral valve thickening, cardiomyopathy, and non-infectious vegetations |
| Pulmonary | Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage, pulmonary hypertension |
| Renal | APS nephropathy, renal artery stenosis |
| Endocrine | Adrenal insufficiency |
| Haematologic | Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, bleeding (due to hypothrombonemia), Evans syndrome, and thrombocytopenia |
| Articular | Arthralgia, arthritis, and avascular necrosis |
| Cutaneous | Digital ischemia, livedo racemosa/reticularis, livedoid vasculopathy, and splinter haemorrhages |
APS: antiphospholipid syndrome