- Baseline characteristics of study participants according to the left atrial diameter quartiles.
| Parameters | All (LAd from 21 to 78 mm) (n=633) | Q1 (LAd from 21 to 31 mm) (n=188) | Q2 (LAd from 32 to 38mm) (n=131) | Q3 (LAd from 39 to 48mm) (n=151) | Q4 (LAd from 49 to 78mm) (n=163) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 182 (28.8) | 54 (28.7) | 26 (19.8) | 57 (37.7) | 45 (27.6) | 0.011 |
| Age (years), n (%) | 65.68 (11.98) | 65.8 (11.9) | 64.0 (12.3) | 66.5 (11.5) | 66.2 (12.2) | 0.296 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 388 (61.3) | 117 (62.2) | 94 (71.8) | 82 (54.3) | 95 (58.3) | 0.020 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 343 (54.2) | 99 (52.7) | 89 (67.9) | 83 (55) | 72 (44.2) | <.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 139 (22.0) | 39 (20.7) | 38 (29) | 37 (24.5) | 25 (15.3) | 0.034 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 10.60 (4.42) | 10.5 (4.2) | 10.7 (3.7) | 10.5 (5.0) | 10.7 (4.6) | 0.915 |
| Hb (g/L) | 132.86 (20.31) | 134.8 (19.0) | 136.5 (21.5) | 128.2 (20.6) | 132.0 (19.9) | 0.003 |
| PLT ((×109/L) | 198.29 (67.83) | 207.1 (64.5) | 204.4 (70.7) | 193.4 (64.0) | 187.7 (71.3) | 0.029 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 20.95 (41.76) | 15.7 (31.5) | 22.4 (42.9) | 19.4 (44.5) | 27.3 (47.7) | 0.066 |
| ALT (U/L) | 63.98 (136.51) | 59.5 (169.8) | 79.8 (180.8) | 59.9 (61.2) | 60.1 (97.3) | 0.527 |
| AST (U/L) | 186.06 (248.76) | 161.5 (237.8) | 225.6 (361.2) | 195.7 (184.9) | 173.7 (193.8) | 0.123 |
| TP (g/L) | 65.07 (28.63) | 70.3 (51.1) | 64.6 (6.7) | 62.9 (7.2) | 61.5 (7.2) | 0.021 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 38.97 (5.20) | 39.0 (5.2) | 38.7 (5.9) | 39.3 (5.3) | 38.8 (4.4) | 0.718 |
| Urea (mean (SD)) | 6.92 (3.16) | 6.5 (2.5) | 6.7 (2.6) | 7.1 (3.5) | 7.3 (3.8) | 0.067 |
| UA (mean (SD)) | 347.95 (117.89) | 344.3 (105.9) | 365.3 (120.1) | 352.0 (120.8) | 334.5 (125.4) | 0.149 |
| Cr (umol/L) | 88.16 (51.83) | 81.6 (41.4) | 88.5 (50.1) | 90.5 (52.5) | 93.3 (62.1) | 0.180 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.55 (1.20) | 4.6 (1.2) | 4.6 (1.1) | 4.5 (1.2) | 4.5 (1.3) | 0.748 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.56 (1.00) | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.0) | 0.509 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.17 (0.43) | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3) | 0.736 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.74 (0.95) | 2.7 (0.9) | 2.7 (0.9) | 2.8 (1.0) | 2.8 (1.0) | 0.536 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 8.00 (4.98) | 7.7 (5.3) | 8.6 (5.6) | 8.3 (4.6) | 7.6 (4.4) | 0.236 |
| HbA1c | 6.44 (1.59) | 6.5 (1.6) | 6.4 (1.6) | 6.5 (1.7) | 6.3 (1.4) | 0.68 |
| cTnI (ng/ml) | 13.74 (20.74) | 13.9 (21.1) | 17.3 (23.8) | 14.4 (24.0) | 10.0 (12.3) | 0.023 |
| CK-MB (U/L) | 85.38 (169.41) | 79.2 (215.8) | 82.2 (168.7) | 76.4 (110.7) | 103.4 (153.6) | 0.462 |
| BNP (pg/ml) | 2893.54 (4710.81) | 2793.7 (4467.8) | 2714.5 (5100.7) | 3295.8 (5655.5) | 2779.9 (3583.1) | 0.690 |
| LV (mm) | 42.01 (9.31) | 46.4 (5.7) | 49.1 (6.4) | 38.3 (11.1) | 34.6 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| RA (mm) | 27.62 (7.43) | 32.3 (3.4) | 33.1 (4.3) | 24.4 (8.3) | 20.8 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| RV (mm) | 15.33 (5.32) | 19.3 (2.4) | 19.4 (2.6) | 12.7 (5.4) | 10.0 (2.2) | <0.001 |
| LVEF | 56.85 (12.58) | 59.3 (9.8) | 55.4 (11.7) | 57.9 (13.9) | 54.3 (14.2) | <0.001 |
| All-cause mortality, n (%) | 108 (17.1) | 9 (4.8) | 14 (10.7) | 29 (19.2) | 56 (34.4) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median. ALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide, CK-Mb: creatin kinase isoenzyme MB, CRP: C-reactive protein, cTnI: cardiac troponin I, Cr: creatinine, WBC: white blood cell count, Hb: hemoglobin, PLT: platelets, TP: total albumin, UA: uric acid, TC: total cholesterol, TG: hypertriglyceridemia, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LV: left ventricular, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, RA: right atrial, RV: right ventricular