- Factors that may increase fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
| Increased bone fragility due to accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products |
| Low bone turnover with reduction in unmineralized bone |
| Inhibition of bone formation due to increased urine calcium loss caused by hyperglycaemia |
| Use of thiazolidinediones and Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors |
| Metabolic effects of nephropathy on bone |
| Bone loss in the foot due to peripheral sympathetic neuropathy (diabetic neuroarthropathy) |
| Increased risk of falling due to visual impairment, cardiovascular disease, hypoglycaemia, neuropathy and postural hypotension |