Table 1

- The difficulties of older adult patients adapting to old age according to socioeconomic and clinical characteristics.

Variables	Role and Self-Actualization mode		Interdependence mode		Physiological mode		Self-concept
Variables	Test	P-values	Test	P-values	Test	P-values	Test	P-value
Gender
Female	t=0.487	0.627	t=0.752	0.453	t=-0.314	0.754	t=0.355	0.723
Male
Marital status
Married	t=-3.357	0.000	t=-1.588	0.114	t=-3.393	0.001	t=-3.970	0.000
Single
Education level
Literate	KW=12.166	0.007	KW=16.845	0.001	KW=9.983	0.191	KW=5.524	0.137
Primary School
High School
University
Chronic disease
Present	t=3.671	0.000	t=4.485	0.000
Absent					t=2.289	0.023	t=2.391	0.018
Living alone
Yes	U=1326,500	0.062	U=1397,000	0.012	U=1352,5	0.043	U=1334,500	0.048
No	U=1326,500	0.062	U=1397,000	0.012	U=1352,5	0.043	U=1334,500	0.048
Fall History (within the last year)
Yes	t=-3.099	0.002	t=-2.741	0.007	t=-1.323	0.187	t=-1.604	0.110
No	t=-3.099	0.002	t=-2.741	0.007	t=-1.323	0.187	t=-1.604	0.110
Fall History (in hospital)
Yes	U=3218,500	0.102	U=2753,500	0.817	U=3223,500	0.096	U=3210,000	0.095
No	U=3218,500	0.102	U=2753,500	0.817	U=3223,500	0.096	U=3210,000	0.095
Use of walking aids
Yes	t=-7.889	0.000	t=-4.495	0.000	t=-7.395	0.000	t=-6.981	0.000
No	t=-7.889	0.000	t=-4.495	0.000	t=-7.395	0.000	t=-6.981	0.000

*p<0.05, KW= Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test, t=Student’s t test; F=one-way Anova, U=Mann Whitney U-test