- Characteristics of 30-day survivors and non-survivors.
| Variables | Bacteremic pneumonia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K. pneumoniae (n=80) | E. coli (n=82) | |||||
| Survivors (n=45) | Non-survivors (n=35) | P-values | Survivors (n=64) | Non-survivors (n=18) | P-values | |
| Age, mean±SD (years) | 58.31±16.43 | 61.83±17.51 | 0.386 | 62.31±14.66 | 61.17±18.30 | 0.949 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 33 (73.3) | 23 (65.7) | 0.461 | 28 (43.7) | 11 (61.1) | 0.289 |
| Female | 12 (26.7) | 12 (34.3) | 36 (56.2) | 7 (38.9) | ||
| Acquisitions | ||||||
| Hospital-acquired | 31 (68.9) | 29 (82.9) | 0.152 | 43 (67.2) | 14 (77.8) | 0.389 |
| Community-acquired | 14 (31.1) | 6 (17.1) | 21 (32.8) | 4 (22.2) | ||
| Inpatient departments | ||||||
| Internal medicine | 25 (55.6) | 13 (37.1) | 0.005 | 31 (48.4) | 10 (55.5) | 0.594 |
| Surgery ward | 8 (17.8) | 2 (5.7) | 0.201 | 20 (31.2) | 5 (27.8) | 0.777 |
| ICU | 8 (17.8) | 19 (54.3) | 0.001 | 4 (6.2) | 2 (11.1) | 0.851 |
| Invasive procedures | ||||||
| Surgery | 12 (26.7) | 4 (11.4) | 0.091 | 18 (28.1) | 5 (27.8) | 0.977 |
| Venous catheterization | 4 (8.9) | 12 (34.3) | 0.005 | 6 (9.4) | 4 (22.2) | 0.287 |
| Wound drainage tube | 2 (4.4) | 3 (8.6) | 0.771 | 6 (9.4) | 1 (5.6) | 0.972 |
| Indwelling urinary catheter | 10 (22.2) | 6 (17.1) | 0.573 | 4 (6.2) | 6 (33.3) | 0.002 |
| Bone marrow aspiration | 6 (13.3) | 4 (11.4) | 0.798 | 7 (10.9) | 5 (27.8) | 0.159 |
| Lumbar puncture | 5 (11.1) | 1 (2.9) | 0.336 | 2 (3.1) | 1 (5.6) | 0.627 |
| Thoracentesis | 2 (4.4) | 2 (5.7) | 0.796 | 2 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
| Tracheotomy | 11 (24.4) | 23 (65.7) | <0.001 | 4 (6.2) | 7 (38.9) | 0.001 |
| Trachea cannula | 11 (24.4) | 19 (54.3) | <0.001 | 4 (6.2) | 5 (27.8) | 0.031 |
| Bacterial types | ||||||
| ESBL-producing strains | 6 (13.3) | 6 (17.1) | 0.636 | 29 (45.3) | 12 (66.7) | 0.109 |
| Carbapenem-resistant strains | 10 (22.2) | 19 (42.2) | 0.003 | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
| Underlying diseases | ||||||
| Immune compromise | 14 (31.1) | 13 (37.1) | 0.571 | 13 (20.3) | 4 (22.2) | 0.860 |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 12 (26.7) | 19 (54.3) | 0.012 | 16 (25.0) | 4 (22.2) | 0.808 |
| Hypertension | 18 (40.0) | 12 (34.3) | 0.600 | 25 (39.1) | 5 (27.8) | 0.380 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (28.9) | 6 (17.1) | 0.221 | 4 (6.2) | 2 (11.1) | 0.484 |
| Pleural effusion | 7 (15.6) | 8 (22.9) | 0.407 | 14 (21.9) | 5 (27.8) | 0.600 |
| Hypoproteinaemia | 8 (17.8) | 16 (45.7) | 0.007 | 15 (23.4) | 6 (33.3) | 0.236 |
| Leukaemia | 5 (11.1) | 9 (25.7) | 0.088 | 6 (9.4) | 5 (27.8) | 0.103 |
| Sepsis | 40 (88.9) | 34 (97.1) | 0.336 | 33 (51.6) | 15 (83.3) | 0.016 |
| Laboratory values, median (IQR) | ||||||
| CRP (mg/L) | 106.83 (69.40-156.75) | 79.13 (45.33-141.97) | 0.198 | 78.09 (23.45-145.15) | 77.13 (47.66-165.76) | 0.521 |
| PCT (ng/ml) | 2.84 (1.06--12.90) | 4.86 (0.94-11.54) | 0.956 | 1.89 (0.77-8.32) | 4.26 (0.76-28.61) | 0.445 |
| Disease severity, median (IQR) | ||||||
| Pitt score | 2.0 (1.0-3.0) | 5.0 (2.0-8.0) | <0.001 | 0.0 (1.0-1.0) | 4.5 (2.0-6.5) | <0.001 |
| SOFA score | 5.0 (3.0-5.0) | 9.0 (5.0-14.0) | <0.001 | 3.0 (1.0-4.0) | 7.5 (3.5-12.5) | <0.001 |
| aCCI score | 3.0 (2.0-5.0) | 4.0 (3.0-6.0) | 0.047 | 4.0 (2.0-5.0) | 4.0 (2.50-5.0) | 0.688 |
| Empiric therapy | ||||||
| Third-generation cephalosporins | 3 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.335 | 8 (12.5) | 3 (16.7) | 0.947 |
| BLBLI | 14 (31.1) | 9 (25.7) | 0.597 | 27 (42.2) | 4 (22.2) | 0.123 |
| Carbapenems | 21 (46.7) | 20 (57.1) | 0.352 | 17 (26.6) | 6 (33.3) | 0.572 |
| Aminoglycoside | 2 (4.4) | 1 (2.9) | >0.999 | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | >0.999 |
| Inappropriate empirical therapy | 13 (28.9) | 19 (54.3) | 0.021 | 13 (20.3) | 8 (44.4) | 0.077 |
| Antibiotics ≥3 during hospitalization | 11 (24.4) | 16 (45.7) | 0.046 | 15 (23.4) | 7 (38.9) | 0.314 |
| 14-day treatment failure | 18 (40.0) | 32 (91.4) | <0.001 | 8 (12.5) | 17 (94.4) | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay, median (IQR) (day) | 25.0 (17.0-35.5) | 22.0 (10.0-31.0) | 0.111 | 19.0 (11.0-28.0) | 14.5 (11.5-28.0) | 0.354 |
| Time interval between IEAT and AAT, median (IQR) (day) | 4.0 (3.0-5.0) | 3.0 (3.0-4.0) | 0.055 | 5.0 (4.0-5.0) | 5.0 (4.0-6.0) | 0.056 |
Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%), mean ± standard deviation (SD), or median and interquartile range (IQR). K. pneumoniae: Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli: Escherichia coli, ICU: intensive care unit, ESBL: extended-spectrum β-lactamase, CRP: C-reaction protein, PCT: procalcitonin, SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment, Pitt: Pitt bacteremia score, aCCI: age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index, BLBLI: β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor, IEAT: inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment, AAT: appropriate antibiotic therapy