- Clinical characteristics of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli bacteremic pneumonia.
| Variables | All (n=162) | Bacteremic pneumonia | P-values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K. pneumoniae (n=80) | E. coli (n=82) | |||
| Age, mean±SD (years) | 60.97±16.15 | 59.85±16.89 | 62.06±15.42 | 0.482 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 95 (58.6) | 56 (70.0) | 39 (47.6) | 0.004 |
| Female | 67 (41.4) | 24 (30.0) | 43 (52.4) | |
| Acquisition | ||||
| Hospital-acquired | 117 (72.2) | 60 (75.0) | 57 (69.5) | 0.436 |
| Community-acquired | 45 (27.8) | 20 (25.0) | 25 (30.5) | |
| Inpatient Department | ||||
| Internal medicine | 79 (48.8) | 38 (47.5) | 41 (50.0) | 0.750 |
| Surgery ward | 35 (21.6) | 10 (12.5) | 25 (30.5) | 0.005 |
| ICU | 33 (20.4) | 27 (33.7) | 6 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| Invasive procedures | ||||
| Surgery | 39 (24.1) | 16 (20.0) | 23 (28.0) | 0.660 |
| Venous catheterization | 26 (16.0) | 16 (20.0) | 10 (12.2) | 0.176 |
| Wound drainage tube | 12 (7.4) | 5 (6.2) | 7 (8.5) | 0.578 |
| Indwelling urinary catheter | 22 (13.6) | 16 (20.0) | 6 (7.3) | 0.018 |
| Bone marrow aspiration | 22 (13.6) | 10 (12.5) | 12 (14.6) | 0.692 |
| Lumbar puncture | 9 (5.6) | 6 (7.5) | 3 (3.7) | 0.469 |
| Thoracentesis | 6 (3.7) | 4 (5.0) | 2 (2.4) | 0.655 |
| Tracheotomy | 45 (27.8) | 34 (42.5) | 11 (13.4) | <0.001 |
| Trachea cannula | 39 (24.1) | 30 (37.5) | 9 (11.0) | <0.001 |
| Bacterial type | ||||
| ESBL-producing strains | 53 (32.7) | 12 (15.0) | 41 (50.0) | <0.001 |
| Carbapenem-resistant strains | 30 (18.5) | 29 (36.2) | 1 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| Underlying disease | ||||
| Immune compromise | 44 (27.2) | 27 (33.7) | 17 (20.7) | 0.063 |
| Cerebral vascular disease | 51 (31.5) | 31 (38.7) | 20 (24.4) | 0.049 |
| Hypertension | 60 (37.0) | 30 (37.5) | 30 (36.6) | 0.904 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25 (15.4) | 19 (23.7) | 6 (7.3) | 0.004 |
| Pleural effusion | 34 (21.0) | 15 (18.7) | 19 (23.2) | 0.490 |
| Hypoproteinaemia | 45 (27.8) | 24 (30.0) | 21 (25.6) | 0.533 |
| Leukaemia | 25 (15.4) | 14 (17.5) | 11 (13.4) | 0.472 |
| Sepsis | 122 (75.3) | 74 (92.5) | 48 (58.5) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory values, median (IQR) | ||||
| CRP (mg/L) | 92.61 (48.36-148.58) | 98.42 (59.51-153.73) | 77.13 (27.35-147.42) | 0.093 |
| PCT (ng/ml) | 2.72 (0.94-11.21) | 3.96 (1.02-11.96) | 1.90 (0.78-10.91) | 0.116 |
| Disease severity, median (IQR) | ||||
| Pitt score | 1.0 (2.0-5.0) | 3.0 (1.0-6.0) | 1.0 (0.0-2.0) | <0.001 |
| SOFA score | 5.0 (3.0-8.0) | 5.0 (4.0-9.0) | 3.0 (1.0-6.0) | <0.001 |
| aCCI score | 4.0 (2.0-5.0) | 4.0 (2.5-6.0) | 4.0 (2.0-5.0) | 0.962 |
| Empiric therapy | ||||
| Third-generation cephalosporins | 14 (8.6) | 3 (3.7) | 11 (13.4) | 0.029 |
| BLBLI | 54 (33.3) | 23 (28.7) | 31 (37.8) | 0.222 |
| Carbapenems | 64 (39.5) | 41 (51.2) | 23 (28.0) | 0.003 |
| Aminoglycoside | 4 (2.5) | 3 (3.7) | 1 (1.2) | >0.999 |
| Inappropriate empirical therapy | 53 (32.7) | 32 (40.0) | 21 (25.6) | 0.051 |
| Antibiotics ≥3 during hospitalization | 49 (30.2) | 27 (33.7) | 22 (26.8) | 0.338 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| 14-day treatment failure | 75 (46.3) | 50 (62.5) | 25 (30.5) | <0.001 |
| 30-day mortality | 53 (32.7) | 35 (43.7) | 18 (21.9) | 0.003 |
| Length of hospital stay in days, median(IQR) | 21.0 (13.0-31.0) | 24.0 (14.0-34.0) | 18.0 (12.0-25.0) | 0.097 |
Values are presented as numbers and precentages (%), mean ± standard deviation (SD), or median and interquartile range (IQR). K. pneumoniae: Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli: Escherichia coli, ICU: intensive care unit, ESBL: extended-spectrum β-lactamase, CRP: C-reaction protein, PCT: procalcitonin, Pitt: Pitt bacteremia score, SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment, aCCI: age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index, BLBLI: β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor