Table 4

- Univariate analysis on the relationship between preoperative medication (single vs. dual antiplatelet therapy) and baseline and postoperative variables (N=54).

Variables	Preoperative medication		P-values^†
Variables	Single antiplatelet therapy (n=22)	Dual antiplatelet therapy (n=32)	P-values^†
Age in years (mean±SD)	66.1±8.54	67.3±10.8	0.663^‡
Gender
Male	13 (59.1)	18 (56.3)	1.00
Female	9 (4.9)	14 (43.8)	1.00
Smoking status
Smoker	5 (22.7)	6 (18.8)	0.743
Non-smoker	17 (77.3)	26 (81.3)	0.743
Risk factors*
HTN	13 (59.1)	25 (78.1)	0.225
DM	18 (81.8)	21 (65.6)	0.23
IHD	13 (59.1)	6 (18.8)	0.004^§
PAD	7 (31.8)	3 (9.4)	0.071
DLP	11 (50.0)	12 (37.5)	0.411
CHF	4 (18.2)	2 (06.3)	0.211
Previous stroke	3 (13.6)	13 (40.8)	0.039^§
Presenting symptoms*
Asymptomatic	7 (31.8)	6 (18.8)	0.338
Hemiparesis	7 (31.8)	13 (40.6)	0.576
Ataxia	4 (18.2)	5 (15.6)	1.00
Dysarthria	9 (40.9)	12 (37.5)	1.00
Hemiparesthesia	2 (9.1)	4 (12.5)	1.00
Indication for surgery
Stroke	14 (63.6)	16 (50.0)	0.043^§
TIA	1 (04.5)	10 (31.3)
Asymptomatic	7 (31.8)	6 (18.8)
ICU/HDU admission
Yes	13 (59.1)	14 (43.8)	0.406
No	9 (40.9)	18 (56.3)	0.406
Operated side
Right side	14 (63.6)	15 (46.9)	0.274
Left side	8 (36.4)	17 (53.1)	0.274
Complication
Yes	4 (18.2)	9 (28.1)	0.523
No	18 (81.8)	23 (71.9)	0.523
Upon follow-up
Restenosis	2 (10.0)	10 (34.5)	0.089
Regression of disease	18 (90.0)	19 (65.5)	0.089
Interval between symptoms and surgery	19.5±14	13.1±8.6	0.075^‡
Carotid clamp time (min)	5.1±3.41	5.5±3.53	0.789^‡
ICU/HDU stay (days)	3.14±6.02	1.19±2.07	0.096^‡
Ward stay (days)	12.5±13.1	11.6±10.2	0.783^‡
Total hospital stay (days)	15.6±14.9	12.8±11.5	0.437^‡

Values are presented as numbers and precentages or mean ± standard deviation (SD).

HTN: hypertension, DM: diabetes mellitus, IHD: ischemic heart disease, PAD: peripheral artery disease, DLP: dyslipidemia, CHF: congestive heart failure, TIA: transient ischemic attack, ICU: intensive care unit, HDU: high dependency unit

↵^* Some patients had more than one risk factor or symptom.
↵^† P-value was calculated using Fischer’s exact test.
↵^‡ P-value was calculated using an independent sample t-test.
↵^§ Significant at P<0.05 level.