- Recent anti-breast cancer immunotherapy platforms commencing clinical trials.
| Platforms | Targets (primary mechanism) | Status of clinical trials | BC subtypes that can benefit from | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccine | GP2 (amino acids 654-662) | Phase 2 (NCT00524277) | Her-2+ BC | 53,54 |
| CAR T-cell | Tn epitope Mucin 1 (TnMUC1) | Phase 1 (NCT04025216) | TNBC | 55 |
| CD133 | Phase 1, 2 (NCT02541370) completed | BC | 55 | |
| Adoptive cell therapy | Tumour cells (LN-145) | Phase 2 (NCT03449108) | TNBC | 56 |
| Tumour cells | Phase 1 (NCT00301730) completed | Her-2+ BC who have undergone stem cell transplant | 57 | |
| ICI | Programmed death-(PD)-1, in combination with imprime PGG (a soluble β-1,3/1,6 glucan isolated from the cell wall of a proprietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast) | Phase 2 (NCT02981303) | TNBC | 58 |
| PD-Ligand 1 (PD-L1): Avelumab in combination with Palbociclib | Phase 2 (NCT04841148) | recurrent metastatic BC | 59 |
CAR: chimeric antigen receptor, ICI: immune checkpoint inhibitor, BC: breast cancer, Her-2: human epidermal factor, TNBC: triple negative breast cancer