Table 1

- Total medical research production by all Arab countries from January 2017 to March 2023 (countries ranked in descending order by publications per one million people [world ranking is out of 159 countries; population size >1,000,000 people]).

Arab world country ranking	World country ranking	Countries	Publications per one million^*	Publications (n)^†	Publications’ World share (%)^‡	Publications’ Arab world share (%)^§	Population (n)^§	Times cited (n)	Citation impact^**
1	26	Qatar	2,844	7,646	0.171	6.29	2,688,235	153,793	20.11
2	36	Lebanon	1,295	7,240	0.162	5.96	5,592,631	152,345	21.04
3	37	Saudi Arabia	1,232	44,288	0.993	36.46	35,950,396	565,165	12.76
4	40	United Arab Emirates	1,057	9,900	0.222	8.15	9,365,145	163,704	16.54
5	45	Bahrain	763	1,117	0.025	0.92	1,463,265	37,021	33.14
6	48	Kuwait	673	2,860	0.064	2.35	4,250,114	59,770	20.9
7	49	Jordan	635	7,079	0.159	5.83	11,148,278	114,667	16.2
8	55	Tunisia	541	6,638	0.149	5.46	12,262,946	87,072	13.12
9	56	Oman	536	2,425	0.054	2.00	4,520,471	41,448	17.09
10	60	Egypt	373	40,790	0.914	33.58	109,262,178	484,400	11.88
11	71	Palestine	264	1,301	0.029	1.07	4,922,749	37,831	29.08
12^§§	96^§§	Morocco	99	3,679	0.082	3.03	37,076,584	61,401	16.69
12^§§	96^§§	Libya	99	669	0.015	0.55	6,735,277	16,105	24.07^§§
14	99	Iraq	95	4,157	0.093	3.42	43,533,592	74,378	17.89
15	117	Algeria	58	2,576	0.058	2.12	44,177,969	65,037	25.25
16	128	Sudan	42	1,921	0.043	1.58	45,657,202	18,865	9.82
17	136	Syria	34	717	0.016	0.59	21,324,367	7,646	10.66^§§
18^§§	139^§§	Yemen	30	1,003	0.022	0.83	32,981,641	29,434	29.35
18^§§	139^§§	Djibouti	30	33	0.001	0.03	1,105,557	278	8.42^§§
20	144	Mauritania	21	96	0.002	0.08	4,614,974	936	9.75^§§
21	154	Somalia	10	176	0.004	0.14	17,065,581	789	4.48^§§
-	-	Arab World^††	266	121,485	2.72	-	456,520,777	1,455,870	11.98
-	-	World	566	4,462,205^‡‡	-	-	7,888,408,686^††	53,647,524	12.02

↵* Publications per one million is publications number divided by country’s population multiplied by 1,000,000.
↵† Source: Essential Science Indicator. Includes Web of Science content indexed from January 2017 to March 2023.
↵‡ Publications’ world share is country’s publications number divided by total publications by all countries across the world multiplied by 100.
↵§ The Arab world share is country’s publications number divided by total publications by the Arab world in aggregate multiplied by 100.
↵§ Source: World Bank Databank (most recent year 2021).
↵** Citation impact is times cited divided by publications number from the same country.
↵§§ Equal ranking was assigned due to having identical number of publications per one million people.
↵§§ The total number of publications from these countries are less than 1,000; thus, citation impact might not be accurate.
↵†† Comoros is one of the 22 Arab world countries; however, its population size is less than one million people, hence, it was removed from this table. Publications per one million = 33; publications number = 27; publications world share = 0.0006%; publications Arab world share = 0.02%; population size = 821,625; times cited = 767; and citation impact = 28.41.
↵‡‡ Including all publications count from all countries worldwide (total = 207 countries); Source: Essential Science Indicator. Includes Web of Science content indexed from January 2017 to March 2023.
↵†† Source of the total world population size: World Bank Databank (most recent year 2021).