- Food and Drug Administration approved breast cancer targeted therapy.
| Platform therapies | Clinical characteristics of patients being cured | Mechanisms of action | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| Everolimus (Afinitor®) | Postmenopausal women with advanced hormone receptor positive, Her-2 negative BC in combination with exemestane | Protein kinase inhibitor of the mTOR serine/threonine kinase signal transduction pathway. The mTOR is deregulated in cancer. | 61 |
| Bevacizumab (Avastin®) | MBC | Monoclonal antibody against VEGF-A which is the key molecule in blood vessel formation and tumor-induced immunosuppression. | 62 |
| Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (KADCYLA) | Her-2 positive early to MBC | Her-2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate containing the humanized anti-HER-2 IgG1, trastuzumab, covalently linked to the microtubule inhibitory drug DM1, which is a maytansine derivative via the stable thioether linker MCC | 63 |
| Tucatinib (Tukysa®) This is the most recent FDA approved targeted therapy (approved in 2020) | Her-2 positive MBC | Selective reversible Her-2 inhibitor that is applied either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy and trastuzumab | 64 |
| Toremifene (Acapodene, Fareston®) | Postmenopausal women with ER positive or if the ER status is unknown | This is chlorinated tamoxifen analogue which competes with estradiol for ER and has growth inhibitory effects. | 66 |
FDA: Food and Drug Administration, ER: estrogen, BC: breast cancer, Her-2: human epidermal factor, mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin, MBC: metastatic breast cancer, VEGF-A: vascular endothelial growth factor-A, DM1: derivative of maysantine1, MCC: maleimidomethyl cyclohexane-1-carboxylate