Table 2

- Summary of measurements regarding DNA damage with regard to groups.

Parameters	Group DES (n=15)	Group PRO (n=15)	P-values (between groups)
Head length (μm)
T1	22.15±3.84	21.36±2.14	0.494
T2	22.52±4.59	21.75±3.09	0.598
T3	24.16±3.29	23.17±3.42	0.429
T4	23.71±2.88	21.54±2.40	0.033
P-values (repeated measurements)	0.216	0.211
Change^*	1.56±4.91	0.18±1.87	0.321
Tail length (μm)
T1	21.69±1.95	19.63±2.83	0.028
T2	22.92±3.19	18.14±5.50	0.007
T3	21.33±3.42	18.45±4.23	0.049
T4	22.68±3.11	19.48±4.74	0.037
P-values (repeated measurements)	0.219	0.519
Change^*	0.99±3.92	-0.16±3.76	0.421
Head intensity (%)
T1	80.14±10.07	74.82±12.92	0.218
T2	75.84±9.01	68.96±18.90	0.214
T3	78.17±7.04	76.17±13.49	0.615
T4	78.06±.48	77.01±13.05	0.789
P-values (repeated measurements)	0.740	0.187
Change^*	-2.08±10.63	2.19±16.90	0.414
Tail intensity (%)
T1	23.13±16.43	23.34±4.66	0.964
T2	23.51±10.09	19.98±3.24	0.208
T3	22.07±6.88	19.19±4.64	0.190
T4	21.74±7.46	23.17±2.72	0.492
P-values (repeated measurements)	0.882	0.353
Change^*	-1.39±14.59	-0.17±4.92	0.762
Tail moment
T1	5.80 (3.74-7.84)	3.34 (2.37-8.22)	0.152
T2	3.09 (2.49-5.93)	3.38 (2.31-4.65)	0.520
T3	4.85 (1.93-6.43)	3.69 (2.40-6.41)	0.917
T4	5.81 (3.62-6.49)	3.01 (2.02-4.49)	0.036
P-values (repeated measurements)	0.178	0.564
Change^*	-0.18 (-1.06 - 1.42)	-0.74 (-3.99 - 0.64)	0.254

Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed continuous variables or median (25th percentile - 75th percentile) for non-normally distributed continuous variables.
↵^* Difference between T4 and T1, negative values represent decrease and positive values represent increase.
DES: desflurane, PRO: propofol, T1: 5 minutes before anesthesia induction, T2: 2 hours after the initiation of anesthesia, T3: postoperative first day in the morning, T4: postoperative fifth day after anesthesia induction