Table 1

- Demographic data, presentation, clinical features, management, disease severity, and outcome of all 13 cases.

VariablesPatient 1Patient 2Patient 3Patient 4Patient 5Patient 6Patient 7Patient 8Patient 9Patient 10Patient 11Patient 12Patient 13
Demographics
Age (years)34202522222843212023292518
GenderFMMFMFMFMMFMM
NationalityPhilipinoSaudiSaudiSaudiSaudiSaudiSaudiSaudiSaudiSaudiSaudiSaudiSaudi
Weight (kgs)6071116717360858180781205566
Co-morbiditiesMild scoliosisNoneObesityNoneNoneNoneSmoker/ diabeticNoneSmokerNoneObesity/asthmaGilbert syndromeBronchial asthma
Presentation (year 2024)
Possible sourceSource-1Source-1Source-1Source-1Source-1Source-2Source-1Source-2RandomRandomRandomSource-2Random
Date of exposureApril 14April 21April 23April 25April 25April 24April 25April 26April 30April 30April 30April 30May 4
Onset of symptomsApril 17April 22April 24April 25April 26April 25April 26April 27April 30May 1May 1May 2May 4
ER presentationApril 18April 23April 24April 26April 27April 28April 28April 29April 30May 1May 1May 2May 5
RRT activationApril 20April 23April 24April 26NoneApril 28April 28April 29April 30May 1May 1May 2May 5
Clinical features
Dyspghagia✔︎✔︎ ✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎ ✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎
Visual symptoms*   ✔︎ ✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎
Speech symptoms✔︎✔︎✔︎  ✔︎✔︎ ✔︎  ✔︎ 
UL weakness✔︎✔︎ ✔︎ ✔︎  ✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎
LL weakness✔︎  ✔︎    ✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎
Respiratory symptoms ✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎ ✔︎✔︎    
GI symptoms✔︎   ✔︎ ✔︎ ✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎
Headach   ✔︎✔︎  ✔︎     
Dizziness ✔︎ ✔︎     ✔︎✔︎ ✔︎
Days from presentation to diagnosis7340000000000
Differential diagnosisGBSMG/GBSMG   GBS  GBSGBS  
IVIG
IVIG given✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎ ✔︎✔︎✔︎     
Improvement after IVIG✔︎      ✔︎     
Antitoxin
Days from presentation to antitoxic7340000000100
Improvement after antitoxin✔︎ ✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎
Adverse reactions to antitoxinNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNone
3,4-DAP
Days from presentation to 3,4-DAP7341None00000100
Improvement after 3,4-DAP✔︎ ✔︎✔︎  ✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎
Adverse reactions to 3,4-DAPNoneHTNTachycardia/HTNNone-NoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNoneNone
Severity and outcome
MV ✔︎           
NIV      ✔︎      
HFNC  ✔︎   ✔︎      
ICU LOS (days)5Still in ICU99082324322
Discharged✔︎Still in ICU✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎In rehab✔︎✔︎✔︎
Hospital LOS (days)19Still in ICU1310210662In rehab432

  • ↵* Visual symptoms include: ptosis, double vision and blurring of vision.

  • M: male, F: female, ER: emergency room, RRT: rapid response team, UL: upper limb, LL: lower limb, GI: gastrointestinal, GBS: Guillain-Barré syndrome, MG: myasthenia gravis, IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulin, 3,4-DAP: 3,4-diaminopyridine, HTN: hypertension, MV: mechanical ventilation, NIV: non-invasive ventilation, HFNC: high flow nasal cannula, ICU: intensive care unit, LOS: length of stay, rehab: rehabilitation