Table 1

- Summary of the research articles included in the review (N=18).

Authors	Design of the study	Place of study	Sample size	Prevalence of vaccine hesitancy	Factors influencing vaccine hesitancy
Alzahrani et al²¹	Cross sectional		301	40.0%	Worries regarding adverse reactions, believing that vaccines are unsafe, and believing that fewer shots are required.
Rehman et al²²	Cross sectional		1478	51.6%	Vaccines would affect their kids’ ability to conceive or reach puberty.
Iqbal et al²³	Cross sectional	Central Saudi Arabia	1507	34.4%	Fear of adverse consequences.
Majzoub et al²⁴	Cross sectional	Eastern Province	399	35.0%	Fear of adverse effects, scepticism regarding vaccine efficacy, exposure to harmful information on the vaccine.
Ashour et al²⁵	Cross sectional	Riyadh	293	Positive: 78.0% vaccinated	Delayed vaccination until mandatory (40.0%), concerns on side effects (unknown percentage), perception of need for the vaccine.
Alhuzaimi et al²⁶	Cross sectional	Saudi Arabia	873	High acceptance (96.9%)	Inadequate information on vaccine safety (48.0%) and side effects concerns and fears (49.0%).
Almuqbil et al²⁷	Cross sectional	Riyadh	699	33.0% hesitant, 25.0% undecided	Apprehensions over adverse reactions (31.4%), an absence of safety information (31.2%), and data from social media (24.3%).
Albaker et al²⁸	Cross sectional	Saudi Arabia	90	18.8% extremely confident	Physician factors: confidence in vaccine-specific knowledge (18.8%), communication skills (22.2%), challenges in vaccine discussions.
Almalki et al²⁹	Cross sectional	All regions	4135	61.9%	Parents had views that the vaccination had limited benefits or was hazardous.
Almansour et al³⁰	Cross sectional		500	42.2%	Fear of adverse consequences.
Alaamri et al³¹	Descriptive observational mixed method	Saudi Arabia	2030	Low hesitancy (91% agreement)	Emotional, cultural, social, spiritual, and political aspects; lack of information; and misinformation.
Aedh et al³²	Cross sectional	Riyadh	464	72.2% hesitancy	Demographic factors: age, education, income, occupation; concerns on side effects, lack of safety data, social media influence.
Khatatbeh et al³³	Cross sectional (multi country survey)	Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Palestine, and the United Arab Emirates	3744	Positive: 32% vaccinated	The primary concern (32.5%) is vaccine safety. Factors to consider include the age of the parents, their educational background, their work, vaccination status, and whether they have had a previous COVID-19 infection.
Aldakhil et al³⁴	Cross sectional	Not specified	270	24.31% hesitant	Concerns on side effects (50.0%)
Alnasser et al³⁵	Cross sectional	Riyadh	119	31% reluctant to get vaccinated	Familiarity with vaccine hesitancy (66.0%), lack of formal training (68.0%), and negative attitudes toward hesitant parents (65.0%)
Alsubaie et al³⁶	Cross sectional	Saudi Arabia	500	20.0%	Fear of adverse reactions and doubts on the efficacy of vaccination.
Albarakati et al³⁷	Cross sectional		100	31.3%	Vaccine shortages in primary care settings, anxiety regarding side effects and vaccine safety, and congested immunization schedules.
Alqahtani et al³⁸	Cross sectional	Aseer Region	796	3.9% non-adherent	The majority of individuals expressed side effects concrens (93.8%), hold the idea that immunizations are not entirely safe (84.4%), and believe that less vaccines are necessary (78.1%).