- The association between sociodemographic characteristics and anabolic steroid use.
| Characteristics | Total (N=121) n (%) | Use of anabolic steroid | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n (%) | No n (%) | ||||||||
| Age | |||||||||
| 18 – 23 y | 68 (56.2) | 23 (59.0) | 45 (58.5) | 0.91 | |||||
| 24 – 29 y | 26 (21.5) | 9 (23.0) | 17 (20.7) | ||||||
| 30 – 35 y | 11 9.1) | 3 (7.7) | 8 (9.7) | ||||||
| 36 – 39 y | 10 (8.3) | 2 (5.1) | 8 (9.7) | ||||||
| ≥ 40 y | 6 (5.0) | 2 (5.1) | 4 (4.9) | ||||||
| Level of education | |||||||||
| School | 39 (32.2) | 11 (28.2) | 28 (34.1) | 0.80 | |||||
| Bachelor | 73 (60.3) | 25 (64.1) | 48 (58.5) | ||||||
| Postgraduate | 9 (7.4) | 3 (7.7) | 6 (7.3) | ||||||
| Marital Status | |||||||||
| Single | 96 (79.3) | 34 (87.1) | 62 (75.6) | 0.014 | |||||
| Married | 23 (19.0) | 3 (7.7) | 20 (24.3) | ||||||
| Divorced/Widower | 2 (1.7) | 2 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||||||
| Location of current residence | |||||||||
| Urban | 111 (91.7) | 35 (89.7) | 76 (92.7) | 0.72 | |||||
| Rural | 10 (8.3) | 4 (10.2) | 6 (7.3) | ||||||
| Employment status | |||||||||
| Student | 67 (55.4) | 21 (53.8) | 46 (56.1) | 0.16 | |||||
| Employed | 35 (28.9) | 8 (20.5) | 27 (32.9) | ||||||
| Unemployed | 13 (10.7) | 7 (17.9) | 6 (7.3) | ||||||
| Self-employed | 6 (5.0) | 3 (7.7) | 3 (3.6) | ||||||
| Personal monthly income | |||||||||
| <1000 SR | 67 (55.4) | 25 (64.1) | 42 (51.2) | 0.30 | |||||
| 1000 – 5999 SR | 29 (24.0) | 1 (2.5) | 20 (24.4) | ||||||
| 6000 – 9999 SR | 10 (8.3) | 1 (2.5) | 9 (10.9) | ||||||
| 10000 – 15000 SR | 7 (5.8) | 3 (7.7) | 4 (4.9) | ||||||
| >15000 SR | 78 (6.6) | 1 (2.5) | 7 (8.5) | ||||||
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| Current Smoker | 40 (33.1) | 14 (35.9) | 26 (31.7) | 0.39 | |||||
| Non-smoker | 68 (55.3) | 19 (48.7) | 49 (59.7) | ||||||
| Previous smoker | 13 (10.7) | 6 (15.3) | 7 (8.5) | ||||||
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||||||||
| Underweight (< 18) | 11 (9.1) | 2 (5.1) | 9 (10.9) | 0.70 | |||||
| Normal weight(18-24.99) | 51 (42.1) | 20 (51.3) | 31 (37.8) | ||||||
| Overweight (25-29.99) | 43 (35.5) | 12 (30.7) | 31 (37.8) | ||||||
| Obese (30-34.99) | 16 (13.2) | 5 (12.8) | 11 (13.4) | ||||||
| Total period of exercise | |||||||||
| < 1 month | 43 (35.5) | 16 (41.0) | 27 (32.9) | 0.42 | |||||
| 1 – 6 months | 24 (19.8) | 5 (12.8) | 19 (23.1) | ||||||
| 7 – 12 months | 13 (10.7) | 3 (7.7) | 10 (12.2) | ||||||
| > 1 y | 41 (33.9) | 15 (38.4) | 26 (31.7) | ||||||
| Frequency of exercise per week | |||||||||
| <3 times | 42 (34.7) | 16 (41.0) | 26 (31.7) | 0.41 | |||||
| 3 – 5 times | 79 (65.5) | 23 (58.9) | 56 (68.3) | ||||||
| Time of daily exercise | |||||||||
| <1 hour | 42 (34.7) | 15 (38.4) | 27 (32.9) | 0.82 | |||||
| 1 – 2 hours | 70 (57.9) | 21 (53.8) | 49 (59.7) | ||||||
| >2 hours | 9 (7.4) | 3 (7.7) | 5 (6.1) | ||||||
| Following special diet | |||||||||
| Never | 33 (27.3) | 9 (23.0) | 24 (29.2) | 0.568 | |||||
| Rarely | 19 (15.7) | 5 (12.8) | 14 (17.0) | ||||||
| Sometime | 45 (37.2) | 18 (46.1) | 27 (32.9) | ||||||
| Always | 24 (19.8) | 7 (17.9) | 17 (20.7) | ||||||
| Using dietary supplements | |||||||||
| Never | 58 (47.9) | 18 (46.1) | 40 (48.8) | 0.51 | |||||
| Rarely | 18 (14.9) | 7 (17.9) | 11 (13.4) | ||||||
| Sometime | 22 (18.2) | 9 (23.0) | 13 (15.8) | ||||||
| Always | 23 (19.0) | 5 (12.8) | 18 (21.9) | ||||||