- Evaluation of biomarkers levels in CKD and CVD in patients with LC and type 2 diabetes mellitus (N=500).
| Risk factors | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Chronic renal disease (CKD) | |
| FBG (mmol/L) | |
| 7 mmol/L to <7.7 mmol/L | 67(13.4%) |
| 7.7 mmol/L to <8.9 mmol/L | 241(48.2%)* |
| 8.9 mmol/L to <10 mmol/L | 166(33.2%) |
| ≥10 mmol/L | 26(5.5%) |
| Blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) | |
| <120/80 mm Hg (Normal) | 240(48.0%) |
| 120/80 mm Hg (Elevated) | 230(46.0%) |
| >120/80 mm Hg (High) | 30(6.0%) |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | |
| Creatinine 1 mg/dL is normal eGFR | 155(31.0%) |
| Creatinine 2 mg/dL is a 50% decreasing in eGFR | 255(51.0%)* |
| Creatinine 4 mg/dL is a 70 to 85% decreasing in eGFR | 90(18.0%) |
| Creatine 8 mg/dL is a 90 to 95% decreasing in eGFR | 0 |
| eGFR stages | |
| G1 = 90 (Normal) | 55(11.0%) |
| G2 = 60 to 89 (Slightly reduced) | 100(20.0%) |
| G3a = 45 to 59 (Moderately to mildly decreased) | 255(51.0%)* |
| G3b = 30 to 44 (Moderately to severely reduced) | 90(18.0%) |
| G4 = 15 to 29 (Significantly decreased) | 0 |
| G5 = 15 (Renal insufficiency) | 0 |
| Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio mg/g | |
| UACR1 <30 (Normal) | 140(28.0%) |
| UACR2 = 30 to 300 (Slightly elevated) | 300(60.0%)* |
| UACR3 >300 (Moderate increase or severely increased) | 60(12.0%) |
| Cardiovascular disease (CVD) | |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | |
| <2.6 (Optimal) | 344(69.0%) |
| >4.11(Borderline high) | 156(31.0%) |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | |
| <1.04 (at risk) | 190(38.0%) |
| >1.6 (Desirable) | 310(62.0%)* |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | |
| <5.17 (Normal) | 190(38.0%) |
| 5.17 to 6.18 (Borderline high) | 210(42.0%)* |
| >6.21 (High) | 100(20.0%) |
| Triglycerides (TG) (mmol/L) | |
| <1.6 (Normal) | 180(36.0%) |
| 1.6 to 5.6 (Moderately high) | 220(440.%)* |
| ≥5.6 mmol/L (Very high) | 100(20.0%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |
| 18.5-25 (Normal) | 107(21.0%) |
| 25.0-29.9 (Overweight) | 245(49.0%)* |
| >30 (Obese) | 150(30.0%) |
| hs-CRP(mg/L) | |
| <1.0 (Low risk) | 106(21.0%) |
| 1.0-3.0 (Moderate risk) | 245(47.0%)* |
| >3.0 (High risk) | 150(32.0%) |
Values are frequency and percentage (%). FBG: fasting blood glucose, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein, hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, BMI: body mass index, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.
↵* P≤0.05 was obtained from the Chi-square test.