- Summary of descriptive analysis of total fertility rate and sociodemographic variables.
| Variables | Country | Mean±Standard deviation | Percentage change | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980-2000 | 2001-2021 | 1980 to 2021 | ||
| Total fertility rate (births per woman) | Bahrain | 3.73 ±0.65 | 2.22±0.30 | -62.28% |
| Kuwait | 3.69 ±0.88 | 2.34±0.23 | -60.86% | |
| Oman | 6.39 ± 1.46 | 2.98±0.26 | -67.60% | |
| Qatar | 4.21±0.74 | 2.21±0.44 | -67.33 | |
| Saudi Arabia | 5.78±1.02 | 2.94±0.422 | -66.22% | |
| UAE | 4.34±1.05 | 1.83±0.42 | -75.45% | |
| Total population | Bahrain | 525646 ±109421 | 1174661±261470 | 303.55% |
| Kuwait | 1771250± 211077 | 3199362±883259 | 184.50% | |
| Oman | 1753902±453972 | 3407556±901898 | 344.29% | |
| Qatar | 444746±104992 | 1785051±785418 | 868.91% | |
| Saudi Arabia | 15907586±3612621 | 29560402±4741773 | 253.44% | |
| UAE | 1969123±686977 | 7248666±2258096 | 823.54% | |
| Crude death rate (per 1000) | Bahrain | 3.17 ± 0.35 | 2.15±0.22 | -35.48% |
| Kuwait | 5.50 ± 2.38 | 2.68±0.44 | -64.53% | |
| Oman | 2.47±0.32 | 1.45±0.45 | -59.65% | |
| Qatar | 2.38±0.46 | 2.01±0.38 | -17.18% | |
| Saudi Arabia | 5.23±1.48 | 2.73±0.30 | -65.49% | |
| UAE | 2.84±0.46 | 1.31±0.41 | -52.11% | |
| Life expectancy (years) | Bahrain | 72.95±1.29 | 78.33±1.33 | 11.20% |
| Kuwait | 74.22±1.89 | 78.14±1.20 | 11.84% | |
| Oman | 68.71±3.94 | 75.72±1.76 | 20.01% | |
| Qatar | 73.38±1.31 | 78.31±1.94 | 11.96% | |
| Saudi Arabia | 68.47±2.99 | 75.71±1.37 | 22.71% | |
| UAE | 71.68±1.51 | 77.95±1.51 | 14.86% | |
| Literacy rate (%) | Bahrain | 76.88±10.08 | 89.42±4.07 | -- |
| Kuwait | 73.47±5.51 | 94.90±1.20 | -- | |
| Oman | -- | 89.86±5.79 | -- | |
| Qatar | 79.45±5.39 | 95.04±2.77 | -- | |
| Saudi Arabia | 75.09±6.03 | 92.55±6.59 | -- | |
| UAE | -- | 95.31±4.58 | -- | |
| Unemployment (% of the total labor force) | Bahrain | 1.14±0.08 | 1.19±0.17 | -- |
| Kuwait | 0.76±0.08 | 1.97±0.65 | -- | |
| Oman | 4.28±0.09 | 3.61±0.91 | -- | |
| Qatar | 0.87±0.00 | 0.44±0.31 | -- | |
| Saudi Arabia | 5.96±1.15 | 5.76±0.56 | -- | |
| UAE | 1.92±.19 | 2.62±0.58 | -- | |
| Urbanization (%) | Bahrain | 87.73±0.79 | 88.81±0.40 | 4.09% |
| Kuwait | 97.74±1.02 | 99.99±0.02 | 5.51% | |
| Oman | 63.64±8.43 | 77.75±5.45 | 83.01% | |
| Qatar | 92.71±2.51 | 98.28±0.91 | 11.09% | |
| Saudi Arabia | 75.21±4.33 | 82.30±1.37 | 28.31% | |
| UAE | 79.45±0.74 | 84.26±2.07 | 8.16% | |
| Labor force – females (%) | Bahrain | 31.88 ±2.02 | 41.54±2.61 | -- |
| Kuwait | 42.76 ± 1.33 | 47.36±1.70 | -- | |
| Oman | 22.95±0.59 | 27.39±2.46 | -- | |
| Qatar | 46.87±1.05 | 52.51±4.97 | -- | |
| Saudi Arabia | 15.13±0.80 | 20.80±4.44 | -- | |
| UAE | 31.55±1.30 | 44.78±7.74 | -- | |
| GDP per capita (current USD) | Bahrain | 8933.25±1202.39 | 21344.66±4492.20 | 216.84% |
| Kuwait | 13679.24±3339.13 | 35251.04±10901.49 | 68.61% | |
| Oman | 6348.25±792.68 | 17451.38±5348.95 | 231.84% | |
| Qatar | 18595.82±4867.35 | 63374.19±21315.62 | 136.93% | |
| Saudi Arabia | 8876.70±3136.82 | 18138.50±5537.25 | 50.31% | |
| UAE | 29162.98±6505.06 | 40582.13±5628.26 | 3.11% | |
| Inflation | Bahrain | 1.69±3.50 | 1.57±1.64 | -115.79% |
| Kuwait | 3.53±3.82 | 2.87±1.68 | -50.72% | |
| Oman | 1.60±4.28 | 2.07±2.93 | -85.00% | |
| Qatar | 3.37±2.25 | 3.22±5.24 | -66.18% | |
| Saudi Arabia | 0.64±2.33 | 2.43±2.74 | -29.55% | |
| UAE | 4.20±2.42 | 3.20±3.79 | -98.02% | |
| Human development index (HDI) | Bahrain | 0.74±0.02 | 0.83±0.04 | -- |
| Kuwait | 0.74±0.04 | 0.81±0.02 | -- | |
| Oman | 0.70±0.00 | 0.79±0.04 | -- | |
| Qatar | 0.78±0.01 | 0.84±0.02 | -- | |
| Saudi Arabia | 0.72±0.01 | 0.81±0.04 | -- | |
| UAE | 0.75±0.02 | 0.85±0.05 | -- | |
NB: “Unemployment (%),” “Literacy rate,” “Labor force – females (%)’ and “Human development index” have unavailable/missing data from 1980-1990 and therefore data for the 40-year percent change from 1980 to 2021 could not be calculated. The literacy rate for Oman had no data available before 2003, and for United Arab Emirates (UAE), only one value was available from 1980-2000; therefore, no mean was calculated for 1980-2000 for both countries. USD: United States Dollars