- Clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n=735), 4-time intervals were recorded throughout the follow-up period.
| Parameters | 2018-2019 | 2019-2020 | 2020-2021 | 2021-2022 | 2022-2023 | P-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FBG (mmol/L) | 6.5±1.41 | 6.5±1.51 | 6.8±1.61 | 6.8±1.81 | 7.5±1.61 | 0.001** |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.7±1.11 | 5.7±1.12 | 5.87±1.13 | 5.87±1.16 | 6.3±1.13 | <0.001** |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.11±0.21 | 1.01±0.11 | 1.0±0.11 | 1.0±0.11 | 0.8±0.11 | <0.001** |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.88±1.41 | 5.98±1.51 | 6.1±1.61 | 6.5±1.51 | 6.7±1.67 | 0.05* |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2.5±1.10 | 2.9±1.15 | 3.1±1.15 | 3.6±1.17 | 4.1±1.18 | 0.03* |
| AIP = log (TG/HDL-C). | 0.3±0.11 | 0.4±0.12 | 0.5±0.16 | 0.5±0.20 | 0.6±0.17 | 0.002** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.5±6.55 | 28.5±7.55 | 29.5±6.45 | 29.5±6.55 | 29.6±6.65 | 0.05* |
| hs-CRP(mg/l) | 3.9±1.16 | 4.0±1.6 | 6.0±1.8 | 6.4±1.9 | 7.0±1.9 | 0.01* |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.0±0.3 | 2.8±0.8 | 2.5±0.3 | 2.2±0.4 | 2.0±0.4 | 0.02* |
| AST:ALT ratio | 1.5±0.10 | 1.6±0.10 | 1.6±0.15 | 1.7±0.15 | 1.8±0.15 | >0.05 |
| Serum creatinine(mg/dL) | 1.6±0.51 | 1.7±0.61 | 1.9±0.51 | 1.9±0.55 | 2.0±0.66 | 0.04* |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 70±8.11 | 69±7.11 | 58±9.11 | 56±9.14 | 50±9.17 | 0.04* |
| Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio mg/g | 116.7±11.12 | 119.6±11.16 | 130.6±13.18 | 150.2±16.11 | 166.8±18.28 | 0.001** |
| The incidences of CVD, and CKD were recorded throughout the follow-up period for 735 NAFLD patients, n (%) | ||||||
| Incidences of CVD | 0 (0.0) | 55 (7.5) | 68 (9.4) | 70 (9.5) | 73 (9.9) | 267 (36.3) |
| Incidences of CKD | 0 (0.0) | 50 (6.8) | 64 (8.7) | 73 (9.9) | 80 (10.9) | 267 (36.3) |
Values are presented mean ± standard deviation (SD) or numbers and percentages (%). P-values were obtained from a 2-way ANOVA.
NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, FBG: fasting blood glucose, HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein, hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, AIP: atherogenic index of plasma, BMI: body mass index, AST: aspartate transaminase, ALT: alanine transaminase, ALP: alkaline phosphatase, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, CVD: cardiovascular disease, CKD: chronic kidney disease