Elsevier

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

Volume 28, Issue 2, March–April 2012, Pages 137-140
Canadian Journal of Cardiology

Society position statement
Canadian Cardiovascular Society Focused Position Statement Update on Assessment of the Cardiac Patient for Fitness to Drive: Fitness Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2011.11.017Get rights and content

Abstract

There have been significant advances in mechanical circulatory support during the past several years. Older pulsatile models of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) (also known as VADs) have shown improved outcomes compared with medical therapy but have had limited durability and significant morbidity associated with their use. For this reason, Canadian Cardiovascular Society 2003 guidelines recommended permanent cessation of driving in these patients (for both private and commercial vehicle operation). However, recent advances with newer, continuous-flow devices have resulted in much lower rates of device-related complications and greater use of these devices for destination therapy. The majority of patients now are discharged home and lead active lives subsequently. Based on new evidence applied to the Society's “Risk of Harm” formula, it has been determined that patients with continuous-flow devices who are doing well 2 months post implantation are fit to hold noncommercial class drivers' licenses.

Résumé

Au cours des dernières années, il y a eu des progrès importants dans le soutien circulatoire mécanique. Les plus vieux modèles pulsatiles de dispositifs d'assistance ventriculaire gauche (DAVG) (aussi connus sous le nom de DAV) ont démontré une amélioration des résultats thérapeutiques comparativement au traitement médical, mais ont eu une durabilité limitée et une morbidité importante associées à leur utilisation. Pour cette raison, les lignes directrices 2003 de la Société canadienne de cardiologie recommandaient de cesser de manière permanente la conduite chez ces patients (conduite d'un véhicule personnel ou commercial). Cependant, de récents développements sur les nouveaux dispositifs à débit continu ont entraîné des taux beaucoup plus faibles de complications liées aux dispositifs et une plus grande utilisation de ces dispositifs pour une implantation permanente (destination therapy). La majorité des patients reçoivent maintenant leur congé de l'hôpital et mènent des vies actives par la suite. Selon de nouvelles preuves obtenues par la formule d'analyse du risque de préjudice de la Société canadienne de cardiologie, il a été établi que les patients ayant des dispositifs à débit continu qui se portent bien 2 mois après l'implantation sont aptes à détenir des permis de conduire de classe non commerciale.

Section snippets

The Canadian Cardiovascular Society “Risk of Harm” Formula and the 2003 Recommendation for LVAD Patients

The 2003 Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) Guidelines10 were built around calculations of risk that used the CCS Risk of Harm Formula (Appendix I; reproduced from Simpson et al.10). In general, it is accepted that if the risk of sudden cardiac incapacitation (SCI) is < 22% per year for a driver operating a private motor vehicle, this poses no higher risk to public safety than does a commercial driver who has a 1% annual risk of SCI. These values were set as the acceptable standard for

Current Survival Data With LVADs

Current LVAD therapy in Canada and the United States is largely accomplished with the continuous-flow device, predominantly the Heartmate II. In the third annual report from the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS), overall survival for 2506 LVADs implanted from June 2006 through September 2010 was 79% at 1 year. For the 1936 continuous-flow devices implanted during that period, the survival was 83% at 1 year and 75% at 2 years.7 Since the approval by

Potential for Sudden Incapacitation in LVAD-Supported Patients

Patients on long-term mechanical circulatory support with an LVAD, many of whom have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, do experience ventricular arrhythmias but, because of the nature of the LVAD function, are at much lower risk for sudden death, SCI, or syncope. Even with ventricular fibrillation, the LVAD is able to maintain adequate cardiac output.11, 12, 13

The INTERMACS registry reported, for the period 2006 through March 2009 (of which only 52% of implants were continuous-flow

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  • Medical Management of Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients: A Practical Guide for the Nonexpert Clinician

    2020, Canadian Journal of Cardiology
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    The ability to drive is patient specific and dependent on local laws. Canadian recommendations permit private driving for continuous-flow LVAD patients with NYHA functional class I-III symptoms who remain stable 2 months after LVAD implantation, whereas commercial driving is prohibited for all LVAD patients.62 Return to daily activities such as these offers a sense of normalcy to patients and contributes to an improved quality of life.32

  • Medical management of the supported patient

    2018, Mechanical Circulatory and Respiratory Support
  • Destination therapy with left ventricular assist devices: For whom and when?

    2014, Canadian Journal of Cardiology
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    As more clinical outcome data are gathered, we will continue to refine our patient selection criteria and timing of implant. Experience thus far has taught us that patients do not always fit neatly into boxes as suggested by the preimplant designations of LVAD as BTT, BTD, and DT.8 These designations are no longer mutually exclusive.32

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The disclosure information of the authors and reviewers is available from the CCS on the following websites: www.ccs.ca and www.ccsguidelineprograms.ca.

This statement was developed following a thorough consideration of medical literature and the best available evidence and clinical experience. It represents the consensus of a Canadian panel comprised of multidisciplinary experts on this topic with a mandate to formulate disease-specific recommendations. These recommendations are aimed to provide a reasonable and practical approach to care for specialists and allied health professionals obliged with the duty of bestowing optimal care to patients and families, and can be subject to change as scientific knowledge and technology advance and as practice patterns evolve. The statement is not intended to be a substitute for physicians using their individual judgement in managing clinical care in consultation with the patient, with appropriate regard to all the individual circumstances of the patient, diagnostic and treatment options available and available resources. Adherence to these recommendations will not necessarily produce successful outcomes in every case.

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