Prevalence, risk factors, and impact on clinical outcome of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli bacteraemia: a five-year study⿿

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2015.07.010Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • The prevalence and impact of ESBL Escherichia coli bacteraemia was investigated, with a focus on patients with haematological diseases.

  • A dramatic increase in the prevalence of ESBL-EC bacteraemia was identified.

  • On multivariate analysis, a risk factor for ESBL-EC bacteraemia was found to be previous ESBL-EC colonization.

  • ESBL-EC bacteraemia was not associated with a prolonged length of hospital stay.

  • Despite more inadequate initial antimicrobial treatment, mortality was not significantly increased.

Summary

Background

The impact of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) bacteraemia on outcome remains controversial.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of all ESBL-EC bacteraemia in one French hospital over a 5-year period was performed. A case⿿control study was undertaken: cases had at least one ESBL-EC bacteraemia and controls a positive non-ESBL-EC bacteraemia.

Results

The prevalence of ESBL-EC bacteraemia increased from 5.2% of all positive E. coli blood cultures in 2005 to 13.5% in 2009 (p < 0.003). CTX-M represented 70% of ESBL-EC bacteraemia strains, and strains were not clonally related. On adjusted analysis, the only significant risk factor for ESBL-EC bacteraemia was a previous ESBL-EC colonization (odds ratio 11.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2⿿107; p = 0.003). Initial antimicrobial therapy was less frequently adequate in the ESBL-EC group (48% vs. 85%; p = 0.003). The presence of ESBL-EC bacteraemia was not associated with a longer hospital stay (p = 0.088). Day 30 mortality was high, but not significantly different in the two groups (30% vs. 27%; p = 0. 82).

Conclusion

The prevalence of ESBL-EC bacteraemia has been increasing dramatically. Previous colonization with ESBL-EC was a strong risk factor for ESBL-EC bacteraemia. More inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy was noted in the ESBL-EC group, but mortality and length of hospital stay were not significantly different from those of patients with non-ESBL-EC bacteraemia.

Keywords

ESBL Escherichia coli
Bacteraemia
Mortality
Hospital stay

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⿿

This study was presented in part at the 50th ICAAC in Boston, September 13, 2010. Oral presentation; session 069/ESBLs and Carbapenem Resistance, slide session.