Volumetric study in the development of paranasal sinuses by CT imaging in Asian: A Pilot study

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.08.018

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

Volume 74, Issue 12, December 2010, Pages 1347-1350

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.08.018 Get rights and content

Abstract

Background and objectives

The volume of the air cavities in the paranasal sinuses is not only the simplest, but also the most important index for paranasal sinus evaluation. However, few volumetric studies have been performed in all age groups. The purpose of the current study was to outline the normal development of paranasal sinuses in all age groups, and to determine normal adult volumetric values by means of computed tomographic (CT) scan of paranasal sinus using volumetric procedures.

Materials and methods

A prospective volumetric CT study was conducted with 260 patients (520 sides) < 25 years of age by means of three-dimensional reconstruction.

Results

The frontal sinuses began to pneumatize at 2 years of age, exhibited a faster growth pattern between 6 and 19 years of age, and the mean volume after full growth was 3.46 ± 0.78 cm³. The maxillary sinuses were pneumatized at birth in all cases, exhibited a monomodal growth pattern increasing until 15 years of age, and the mean volume after full growth was 14.83 ± 1.36 cm³. The floor of the sinus was the same level as the floor of the nasal cavity was between 7 and 15 years of age. The ethmoid sinuses exhibited a faster initial tendency to increase until 7 years of age, were completed by 15–16 years of age, and the mean volume after full growth was 4.51 ± 0.92 cm³. The sphenoid sinuses exhibited a growth spurt between 6 and 10 years of age, were completed by 15 years of age, and the mean volume after full growth was 3.47 ± 0.93 cm³.

Conclusion

The results of this study are presented to provide the basis for an objective normal volume of sinus development and for studies involving diseases of the sinuses.

Introduction

The development of the paranasal sinuses has been detailed in anatomic studies, although the clinical significance of these studies is limited. Understanding the variation in the development of the paranasal sinuses in detail is a clinically relevant matter for pediatric sinusitis patients [1]. Advances in computed tomography (CT) scanning technologies have made the imaging of paranasal sinuses precise. The ability to understand the variation in sinus development in a child can lead to a better understanding of the disease process.

The volume of the air cavities in the paranasal sinuses is not only the simplest, but also the most significant parameter for evaluation of the paranasal sinuses. However, few volumetric studies have been performed in all age groups [1], [2], [3]. The development of the paranasal sinuses begins prenatally, and continues lifelong. Between 1 and 7 years of ages, paranasal sinuses continue their expansion in all directions as development of the nasal cavity and other facial structures expand. Pneumatization of the paranasal sinuses is nearly completed between 12 and 14 years of age and has reached adult proportions. The degree of development of the paranasal sinuses differs from person-to-person and sides in the same person.

Understanding the objective normal volume of sinuses in the context of current CT scanning techniques will assist the physician in determining the pathologic development of structures in an appropriate clinical context. The aim of this study was to outline the normal development of the paranasal sinuses in all age groups of Asian and to determine the normal Asian adult volumetric values.

Section snippets

Patients and methods

Two hundred sixty people (520 paranasal sinuses) had undergone paranasal sinus high-resolution CT (Somatom Sensation 16; Siemens, Germany) between January 2002 and January 2007 at Korea University Guro Hospital. There were 169 males and 91 females between 0 and 25 years of age. Healthy volunteers were recruited from the community groups and volunteers at this medical center. All participants and healthy volunteers in this study signed an informed consent agreement in accordance with the

Results

Table 1 shows the mean volume of the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses with standard deviation according to age. The frontal sinuses began to pneumatize from 2 years of age, exhibited a faster growth pattern between 6 and 19 years of age, and the mean volume after full growth was 3.46 ± 0.78 cm³ (Fig. 1). Frontal sinus hypoplasia and aplasia were observed in 5.3% of patients (n = 14).

The maxillary sinuses were pneumatized at birth in all cases. The mean volume of the maxillary sinus

Discussion

The frontal sinus begins development during the fourth month of gestation as upward extension of the most anterosuperior ethmoidal cells in an area termed the frontal recess. In most children >6 years of age, the frontal sinus can be demonstrated radiographically. In the current study, the frontal sinus was observed between 3 and 6 years of age in all cases. The frontal sinus exhibited a monomodal growth pattern and frontal sinus hypoplasia was observed in 4% of patients.

This study defined

Conclusions

The results of this study were presented to provide a basis for objective normal volume of sinus development and for study of diseases of the sinuses.

Conflict of interest

None.

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Citation Excerpt :
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^☆: This study was supported by a grant from the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Projects, Ministry for Health, Welfare & Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (A090084).

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Volumetric study in the development of paranasal sinuses by CT imaging in Asian: A Pilot study☆

Abstract

Background and objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Introduction

Section snippets

Patients and methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

Conflict of interest

Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol.

Eur. J. Radiol.

Paranasal sinus development in chronic sinusitis, cystic fibrosis, and normal comparison population: a computerized tomography correlation study

Am. J. Rhinol.

Paranasal sinuses in children: size evaluation of maxillary, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses by magnetic resonance imaging and proposal of volume index percentile curves

Eur. Radiol.

Development of the paranasal sinuses in children: MRI study

Korean J. Otolaryngol.