Original InvestigationPathogenesis and Treatment of Kidney DiseaseAccuracy of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in Diagnosis and Prognosis in Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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Data Sources and Search Strategy
The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines for the conduct of meta-analyses of observational cohort studies33 were followed. Two investigators (M.H. and P.D.) independently searched MEDLINE (through PubMed interface), EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Congress abstracts (to May 31, 2009) to identify potentially relevant articles or abstracts. Our search included 1 search term: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin or NGAL. There were no language restrictions. We
Search Results and Study Characteristics
The electronic database searches identified 244 citations of studies and abstracts. After evaluating these citations and the bibliographies of included studies, we included 19 studies with 23 data sets.13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 These comprised data from 4 conference abstracts.27, 29, 30, 32 A flow chart detailing the process of study identification and selection is shown in Fig 1, and characteristics of included studies are listed in Table 1. The
Discussion
The need for a simple, accurate, and minimally invasive marker of AKI has been a limiting factor in clinical nephrology research and practice. Although serum creatinine level is the current standard as such a marker, its limitations are well known and include its dependence on age, sex, and muscle mass.7, 17 More accurate methods, such as radiolabelled tracer clearances, are invasive, may involve radiation, and require several hours to perform. Of several recently characterized novel renal
Acknowledgements
Members of the NGAL Meta-analysis Investigator Group are Sean M. Bagshaw, MD (University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada), Rinaldo Bellomo, MD (Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia), Richard Bogle, PhD, MRCP (Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, UK), Cao Changchun, MD (Nanjing First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China), Jean-M. Constantin, MD, PhD (Hotel-Dieu Hospital, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand,
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Originally published online as doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.07.020 on October 22, 2009.
Members of the NGAL Meta-analysis Investigator Group are listed at the end of this article.