Head and neck cancerNew Developments in Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy and Hypoxia Targeting
Section snippets
Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a refinement of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). It uses a computerized treatment planning system along with sophisticated delivery machineries to tailor the radiation dose to the tumor target.1, 2 By subdividing a broad radiation beam into smaller pencil beams and by varying the intensities of these pencil beams, a conformal dose distribution is generated. Tumor coverage is improved, particularly in situations where the disease lies
Techniques to Measure Tumor Hypoxia and Their Clinical Significance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
Currently, there exist several approaches for detecting tumor hypoxia in HNC. At a recent hypoxia workshop, convened by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the consensus among the experts was that “there is not, and probably will never be, a single clear ‘gold standard’ for in vivo hypoxia measurement.”57 The workshop report also presented a comprehensive review of different approaches for measuring tumor hypoxia. Briefly, techniques for measuring tumor oxygen can be categorized into two
Conclusions
Given the available dosimetric and clinical data, IMRT is an effective treatment modality for HNC. It conforms the dose to the tumor while sparing nearby normal tissues. Toxicity from high-dose RT has decreased when compared to historical controls. Clinical reports have shown great promise in terms of tumor control. With advances in anatomic and functional imaging, along with more clinical experience, it is likely that IMRT will lead to further improvements in tumor control, survival, and
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Cited by (40)
Expression patterns of CD66a and CD117 in the mouse submandibular gland
2015, Acta HistochemicaCitation Excerpt :Saliva is secreted by acinar cells and modified during the passage through ducts to the oral cavity (Lee et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2013). Severe decrease in saliva secretion under certain conditions, including Sjögren syndrome and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, causes xerostomia (dry mouth) and severe dental caries and oral disorders (Burlage et al., 2001; Lee and Le, 2008; Vissink et al., 2010). No satisfactory treatment for salivary gland hypofunction is currently available.
Correlating planned radiation dose to the cochlea with primary site and tumor stage in patients with head and neck cancer treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy
2014, Medical DosimetryCitation Excerpt :More than 480,000 new cases of cancer of the head and neck and more than 270,000 deaths due to this disease occur annually worldwide.1 Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has become a standard technique in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC) and has the ability to decrease normal tissue radiation (RT) dose and thereby limit toxicity to normal tissues.2 The cochlea-vestibular apparatus is an organ at risk (OAR) within the RT field for treatment of HNC, and resultant sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a dose-limiting toxicity.
Future challenges in head and neck cancer: From the bench to the bedside?
2012, Critical Reviews in Oncology/HematologyCitation Excerpt :The main advantages of IMRT are represented by the ability to deliver a higher radiation dose to the tumor (with potential improvement in local control) and to improve sparing of surrounding normal tissues. IMRT however requires accurate target delineation with a specific radiation oncologist expertise produces a greater heterogeneity in the dose distribution within the target volume and results in a more extensive low dose irradiation of normal tissues [90]. IMRT is employed mainly for nasopharyngeal (because of the multiple surrounding critical structures like brain, optic structures, brain stems etc.) and oropharyngeal (as a parotid-sparing technique) cancer patients [91–96].
Radiation dose to the brachial plexus in head-and-neck intensity-modulated radiation therapy and its relationship to tumor and nodal stage
2012, International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology PhysicsCitation Excerpt :Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has become increasingly prevalent, and is now considered a standard approach in the treatment of head-and-neck cancer (HNC) (1).
Predictors of radiation-induced skin toxicity in nasopharyngeal cancer patients treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy: A prospective study
2016, Journal of Radiotherapy in PracticeThe Role of Imaging Biomarkers to Guide Pharmacological Interventions Targeting Tumor Hypoxia
2022, Frontiers in Pharmacology
Supported in part by 1 R01 CA118582-01 (Q.-T.L.) and ASTRO Junior Investigator Award (N.Y.L.).