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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A 5-Year Review of Surveillance Data in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

H. H. Balkhy ,
Z. A. Memish ,
M. A. Almuneef ,
G. C. Cunningham ,
C. Francis ,
K. C. Fong ,
Z. B. Nazeer  and
E. Tannous
H. H. Balkhy
Affiliation:
Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Z. A. Memish*
Affiliation:
Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
M. A. Almuneef
Affiliation:
Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
G. C. Cunningham
Affiliation:
Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
C. Francis
Affiliation:
Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
K. C. Fong
Affiliation:
Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Z. B. Nazeer
Affiliation:
Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
E. Tannous
Affiliation:
Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
*
Department of Infection Prevention and Control (MC 2134), King Abdulaziz Medical City-King Fa-had National Guard Hospital, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia (memish@ngha.med.sa; zmemish@yahoo.com)
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Abstract

Background.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that leads to serious infections in the community and in hospitals. Evidence has shown that the prevalence of infection and colonization with drug-resistant S. aureus, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and glycopeptide intermediately susceptible S. aureus, is increasing. Authorities must be aware of the prevalence of MRSA infection and colonization in their country in order to implement and monitor infection control policies that help curtail further emergence of this pathogen.

Objectives.

To examine the trend of hospital-acquired MRSA infection and colonization in a tertiary care institution in Saudi Arabia during a 5-year period in order to identify specific areas at high risk for MRSA transmission, and to review our MRSA decolonization procedure and outcomes.

Methods.

Surveillance data prospectively collected from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2004, on hospital-acquired (HA) MRSA were analyzed, with an emphasis on the trend of HA-MRSA infection and colonization, areas of high transmission, risk factors, and effectiveness of the implemented decolonization policy.

Results.

During the study period, 442 cases of HA-MRSA infection and colonization were identified. Of these, 51.2% were infections, and 48.8% were colonizations. An increasing trend in the incidence rates of infection and colonization was noticed during the study period, and most cases were identified on the surgical ward (33.3%) and medical ward (32.1%). Of the 34 infected patients who underwent systematic decolonization, 35.3% were successfully decolonized, and of the 11 who underwent topical decolonization, 63.6% were successfully decolonized.

Conclusion.

The increasing trend of HA-MRSA infections has been a noticeable global problem. We identified a gradual increase in the rates of MRSA colonization and infection in a tertiary care center Saudi Arabia and recognize the importance of abiding by strict infection control policies, including hand hygiene and proper isolation practices. Continued surveillance for MRSA and other emerging multidrug-resistant pathogens is also needed.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 28 , Issue 8 , August 2007 , pp. 976 - 982
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2007

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